Table 2

HRs (95% confidence limits) for all-cause mortality according levels of resting heart rate

	Heart rate (bpm)
	≤50	51–60	61–70	71–80	81–90	>90
	n=222	n=1003	n=969	n=404	n=146	n=54
Crude incidence (%)	30.5	36.6	38.1	40.6	54.8	66.7
HR, adjustment for
(1) Age	1*	1.34 (1.03 to 1.73)	1.40 (1.08 to 1.81)	1.51 (1.13 to 2.00)	2.04 (1.47 to 2.82)	3.00 (2.00 to 4.50)
(2) Age+VO₂Max	1*	1.27 (0.97 to 1.65)	1.27 (0.98 to 1.66)	1.32 (0.99 to 1.78)	1.75 (1.25 to 2.45)	2.55 (1.68 to 3.86)
(3) Age+lifestyle†	1*	1.45 (1.11 to 1.90)	1.57 (1.20 to 2.05)	1.66 (1.24 to 2.23)	2.44 (1.46 to 2.90)	3.37 (2.23 to 5.09)
(4) Age+clinical factors‡	1*	1.40 (1.07 to 1.83)	1.47 (1.13 to 1.92)	1.58 (1.18 to 2.13)	2.06 (1.46 to 1.90)	3.11 (2.05 to 4.73)
(5) Age+all potential confounders§	1*	1.40 (1.06 to 1.85)	1.46 (1.10 to 1.93)	1.51 (1.11 to 2.06)	2.04 (1.43 to 2.92)	3.06 (1.97 to 4.75)

Cox proportional hazards regression analyses with forced entry of variables.
*Reference group.
†Leisure-time physical activity, cumulative tobacco consumption (cigarette equivalents), alcohol intake.
‡Body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, serum triglycerides (TG), serum total cholesterol.
§Leisure time physical activity, VO₂Max, cumulative tobacco consumption (cigarette equivalents), alcohol intake, BMI, systolic BP, diastolic BP, high serum TG, total serum cholesterol, social class.