Demographic and echocardiographic characteristics for entire group and by LVOTd
| Variable | Total | Group 1 LVOT 1.7–1.9 | Group 2 LVOT 2.0–2.2 | Group 3 LVOT≥2.3 | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=9488) | (n=879) | (n=5344) | (n=3265) | ||
| Male (%) | 58 | 9 | 47 | 88 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 75±12 | 79±12 | 76±11 | 73±13 | <0.001 |
| C (n=2534) | 76±12 | 80±11 | 76±11 | 73±11 | <0.001 |
| I (n=1309) | 79±11 | 80±12 | 79±11 | 79±11 | 0.1 |
| BSA, m2 (n=9472) | 1.93±0.3 | 1.69±0.2 | 1.88±0.2 | 2.07±0.2 | <0.001 |
| C (n=2526) | 1.89±0.24 | 1.68±0.2 | 1.87±0.22 | 2.04±0.22 | <0.001 |
| I (n=1307) | 1.81±0.24 | 1.66±0.2 | 1.82±0.23 | 1.98±0.2 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg (n=8970) | 132±21 | 135±23 | 133±21 | 129±19 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate, beats per minute | 71±8 | 73±8 | 72±8 | 71±8 | <0.001 |
| LVEDD (n=6738) | 47.2±5.8 | 43.1±5.3 | 46.3±5.5 | 49.3±5.4 | <0.001 |
| C (n=1892) | 46.8±5.7 | 43.1±5.3 | 46.3±5.6 | 49.2±5.3 | <0.001 |
| I (n=820) | 45.0±5.4 | 42.2±5.5 | 45.3±5.3 | 47.5±5.3 | <0.001 |
| LVESD (n=5884) | 29.2±5.2 | 25.7±4.5 | 28.5±4.9 | 31.1±5.0 | <0.001 |
| RWT (n=6369) | 50.3±11.2 | 53.2±13.8 | 50.7±11.2 | 49.1±10.4 | <0.001 |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 65±7 | 67±7 | 65±7 | 63±7 | <0.001 |
| LVOT diameter (cm) | 2.18±0.19 | 1.87±0.05 | 2.11±0.08 | 2.40±0.13 | <0.001 |
| C (n=2533) | 2.15±0.18 | 1.87±0.06 | 2.10±0.08 | 2.38±0.11 | <0.001 |
| I (n=1309) | 2.07±0.15 | 1.87±0.06 | 2.08±0.08 | 2.36±0.08 | <0.001 |
| LVOT TVI (cm) | 24.7±4.8 | 27.1±5.5 | 25.2±4.7 | 23.3±4.1 | <0.001 |
| C (n=2534) | 24.1±4.2 | 25.2±5.0 | 24.7±4.0 | 21.9±3.3 | <0.001 |
| I (n=1309) | 22.0±3.9 | 24±4 | 22±4 | 18±3 | <0.001 |
| SV (ml) | 92±20 | 75±15 | 88±17 | 105±20 | <0.001 |
| SV index (ml/m2) (n=9472) | 48±10 | 45±15 | 47±10 | 51±10 | <0.001 |
| C (n=2526) | 46±8 | 43±9 | 46±8 | 48±8 | <0.001 |
| I (n=1307) | 41±8 | 41±8 | 41±8 | 41±7 | 0.7 |
| SVI ≤35 ml/m2 (%) (n=9472) | 7 | 15 | 8 | 3 | <0.001 |
| C (n=2526) | 8 | 20 | 7 | 5 | <0.001 |
| I (n=1307) | 22 | 21 | 23 | 20 | 0.5 |
| Cardiac index (l/min/m2) (n 9472) | 3.43±0.75 | 3.24±0.74 | 3.36±0.73 | 3.61±0.75 | <0.001 |
| C (n=2526) | 3.29±0.63 | 3.11±0.71 | 3.29±0.63 | 3.37±0.58 | <0.001 |
| I (n=1307) | 2.93±0.57 | 2.98±0.59 | 2.92±0.58 | 2.88±0.95 | 0.2 |
| AV TVI (cm) | 89±22 | 90±23 | 90±22 | 88±21 | <0.001* |
| C (n=2533) | 116±17 | 116±17 | 116±17 | 117±16 | 0.8 |
| I (n=1309) | 85±12 | 80±11 | 85±12 | 88±12 | <0.001 |
| AV Vmax (m/s) | 3.87±0.75 | 3.92±0.81 | 3.89±0.76 | 3.84±0.72 | 0.002** |
| C (n=2533) | 4.83±0.52 | 4.87±0.56 | 4.82±0.52 | 4.83±0.51 | 0.3 |
| I (n=1309) | 3.59±0.31 | 3.49±0.32 | 3.60±0.30 | 3.69±0.26 | <0.001 |
| AV MG (mm Hg) | 36.6±15.6 | 37.5±17.1 | 36.9±15.8 | 36.0±14.9 | 0.007*** |
| C (n=2533) | 56.9±13.1 | 57.6±13.9 | 56.6±13.2 | 57.5±2.5 | 0.2 |
| I (n=1309) | 30.5±5.4 | 29±5 | 31±5 | 33±5 | <0.001 |
| AVA (cm2) | 1.09±0.34 | 0.88±0.28 | 1.03±0.3 | 1.25±0.36 | <0.001 |
| C (n=2533) | 0.76±0.14 | 0.63±0.13 | 0.75±0.13 | 0.84±0.13 | <0.001 |
| I (n=1309) | 0.87±0.10 | 0.84±0.11 | 0.87±0.10 | 0.90±0.08 | <0.001 |
| AVA index (cm2/ m2) (n=9472) | 0.57±0.17 | 0.53±0.17 | 0.55±0.16 | 0.61±0.18 | <0.001 |
| C (n=2526) | 0.40±0.07 | 038±0.09 | 0.40±0.07 | 0.41±0.06 | <0.001 |
| I (n=1307) | 0.49±0.08 | 0.51±0.09 | 0.48±0.08 | 0.46±0.06 | <0.001 |
| DI TVI | 0.29±0.08 | 0.32±0.10 | 0.30±0.08 | 0.28±0.08 | <0.001 |
| C (n=2532) | 0.21±0.04 | 0.23±0.05 | 0.22±0.04 | 0.19±0.03 | <0.001 |
| I (n=1304) | 0.26±0.04 | 0.31±0.04 | 0.26±0.03 | 0.21±0.02 | <0.001 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) (n=6330) | 112±30 | 106±32 | 111±30 | 116±30 | <0.001 |
| LV hypertrophy (%) (n=6330) | 53 | 57 | 54 | 49 | <0.001 |
| RVSP (mm Hg) (n=7740) | 40±14 | 45±15 | 40±14 | 38±13 | <0.001 |
| Zva (mm Hg/ml.m2) (n=8956) | 3.6±0.92 | 4.03±1.11 | 3.73±0.91 | 3.34±0.81 | <0.001 |
| Zva≥4.5 (%) (n=8956) | 16 | 29 | 19 | 9 | <0.001 |
| C (n=2424) | 32 | 52 | 32 | 22 | <0.001 |
| I (n=1213) | 30 | 29 | 30 | 27 | 0.9 |
| SAC (ml/mm Hg.m2) (n=8947) | 0.87±0.33 | 0.74±0.31 | 0.82±0.30 | 0.97±0.36 | <0.001 |
| SVR, mm Hg.min/l (n=8963) | 1161±310 | 1399±370 | 1214±294 | 1014±246 | <0.001 |
| C (n=2429) | 1224±297 | 1484±375 | 1236±272 | 1092±234 | <0.001 |
| I (n=1213) | 1431±325 | 1526±352 | 1420±318 | 1312±260 | <0.001 |
| ELI (cm2/m2) (n=4873) | 0.57±0.17 | 0.53±0.16 | 0.55±0.16 | 0.61±0.18 | <0.001**** |
| SW per 100 g LV mass, g (n=6207) | 80±26 | 79±29 | 79±26 | 80±26 | 0.8 |
| SWL (%) (n=8970) | 21.6±7.3 | 21.45±7.7 | 21.51±7.3 | 21.64±7.14 | 0.7 |
| C (n=2430) | 30.35±5.65 | 30.02±5.84 | 30.07±5.67 | 31.09±5.47 | <0.001 |
| I (n=1214) | 18.96±3.73 | 17.71±3.60 | 19.11±3.66 | 20.50±3.64 | <0.001 |
*p Value <0.001 between groups 2 and 3, 0.08 between groups 1 and 3 and 1.0 between groups 1 and 2.
**p Value 0.002 between groups 2 and 3 and 1 and 3, 0.5 between groups 1 and 2.
***p Value 0.007 between groups 2and 3 and 1 and 3, 0.5 between groups 1 and 2.
****p Value<0.001 between groups 2 and 3 and 1 and 3, 0.2 between groups 1 and 2.
C=Consistent severe AS (AVA <1 cm2, Vmax >4 m/s, MG >40 mm Hg).
I=Inconsistent severe AS (AVA ≥1 cm2, Vmax ≤4 m/s, MG ≤40 mm Hg).
AS, aortic stenosis; AVA, aortic valve area; ELI, energy loss index; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVOTd, left ventricular outflow tract diameter; MG, mean gradient; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; SV, stroke volume; SAC, systemic arterial compliance; SVI, stroke volume index; SVR, systemic vascular resistance; SW, stroke work; SWL, stroke work loss.