Characteristic | Unadjusted | Age/ethnicity adjusted | Multivariate adjusted | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | |
Age (5 year increase) | 1.54 (1.51 to 1.56) | <0.001 | 1.53 (1.50 to 1.56) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.47 to 1.52) | <0.001 |
Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
White | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
African–American | 0.68 (0.61 to 0.76) | 0.76 (0.69 to 0.85) | 0.59 (0.53 to 0.65) | |||
Hispanic | 0.50 (0.41 to 0.61) | 0.60 (0.49 to 0.73) | 0.58 (0.47 to 0.70) | |||
Other | 0.67 (0.59 to 0.77) | 0.66 (0.58 to 0.76) | 0.67 (0.59 to 0.77) | |||
PAD | 2.37 (2.12 to 2.64) | <0.001 | 2.06 (1.85 to 2.30) | <0.001 | 1.53 (1.37 to 1.72) | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 1.83 (1.76 to 1.92) | <0.001 | 1.59 (1.52 to 1.67) | <0.001 | 1.43 (1.36 to 1.50) | <0.001 |
Diabetes | 2.08 (1.91 to 2.27) | <0.001 | 2.13 (1.95 to 2.33) | <0.001 | 1.55 (1.42 to 1.70) | <0.001 |
Hyperlipidaemia | 1.28 (1.21 to 1.35) | <0.001 | 1.16 (1.10 to 1.23) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.00) | 0.069 |
Heart failure | 4.02 (3.42 to 4.73) | <0.001 | 3.65 (3.10 to 4.29) | <0.001 | 2.19 (1.85 to 2.60) | <0.001 |
Coronary heart disease | 2.84 (2.61 to 3.09) | <0.001 | 2.30 (2.12 to 2.51) | <0.001 | 1.76 (1.61 to 1.93) | <0.001 |
BMI (5 kg/m2 increase) | 1.13 (1.11 to 1.15) | <0.001 | 1.18 (1.16 to 1.20) | <0.001 | 1.12 (1.10 to 1.14) | <0.001 |
PHT use ever | 0.87 (0.83 to 0.91) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.03) | 0.510 | 1.03 (0.98 to 1.07) | 0.285 |
Smoking | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Past | 1.15 (1.10 to 1.20) | 1.20 (1.15 to 1.25) | 1.18 (1.13 to 1.24) | |||
Current | 1.08 (0.98 to 1.20) | 1.31 (1.18 to 1.44) | 1.32 (1.19 to 1.46) | |||
Alcohol use | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.006 | |||
Non-drinker | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Past | 1.17 (1.08 to 1.27) | 1.22 (1.12 to 1.32) | 1.09 (1.00 to 1.18) | |||
Current | 0.94 (0.88 to 1.01) | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.06) | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.07) | |||
Education | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.004 | |||
≤High school/GED | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Some college | 0.89 (0.84 to 0.94) | 0.91 (0.86 to 0.96) | 0.94 (0.88 to 0.99) | |||
College degree or higher | 0.76 (0.71 to 0.80) | 0.81 (0.77 to 0.86) | 0.91 (0.86 to 0.96) |
All demographic and clinical characteristics listed in the first column were included in the multivariate model.
BMI, body mass index; GED, general educational development; HR, Cox HR; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; PHT, postmenopausal hormone therapy.