Univariable | OR | 95% CI | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Congenital heart disease | 0.3 | (0.2 to 0.4) | <0.001 |
Valvular heart disease | 1.9 | (1.4 to 2.7) | <0.001 |
Cardiomyopathy | 4.8 | (3.0 to 7.88) | <0.001 |
Ischaemic heart disease | 0.6 | (0.1 to 2.4) | 0.45 |
Right-sided lesion | 0.4 | (0.2 to 0.6) | <0.001 |
Left-sided lesion | 2.7 | (1.9 to 3.8) | <0.001 |
Shunt lesion | 0.7 | (0.5 to 1.0) | 0.08 |
Cyanotic lesion | 0.4 | (0.2 to 0.6) | <0.001 |
NYHA class ≥3 | 6.2 | (3.7 to 10.5) | <0.001 |
WHO ≥3 | 5.3 | (3.7 to 7.6) | <0.001 |
Nulliparity | 0.7 | (0.5 to 0.9) | 0.02 |
Hypertension | 1.3 | (0.7 to 2.3) | 0.45 |
Smoking | 1.3 | (0.6 to 3.0) | 0.53 |
Developing countries | 3.2 | (2.2 to 4.6) | <0.001 |
Signs of HF prior to pregnancy | 17.3 | (11.6 to 25.7) | <0.001 |
Rhythm: atrial fibrillation before pregnancy | 5.1 | (2.3 to 11.4) | <0.001 |
Pulmonary hypertension | 4.5 | (3.1 to 6.6) | <0.001 |
Mechanical valves | 0.5 | (0.2 to 1.5) | 0.25 |
Any medication before pregnancy | 1.6 | (1.1 to 2.2) | 0.011 |
Echo prior to pregnancy: systemic ventricular function moderate/ severely impaired | 4.2 | (1.7 to 10.3) | 0.002 |
FS <30 | 3.4 | (1.3 to 8.9) | 0.02 |
Pulmonary ventricular function moderate/severely impaired | 3.1 | (0.9 to 10.5) | 0.07 |
Multivariable | |||
Valvular heart disease | 1.0 | (0.5 to 1.7) | 0.88 |
Cardiomyopathy | 4.6 | (2.3 to 9.1) | <0.001 |
Developing countries | 0.9 | (0.5 to 1.6) | 0.77 |
NYHA class ≥3 | 2.3 | (1.2 to 4.4) | 0.01 |
WHO ≥3 | 2.3 | (1.5 to 3.6) | <0.001 |
Any medication before pregnancy | 0.8 | (0.4 to 1.0) | 0.08 |
Rhythm: atrial fibrillation before pregnancy | 2.4 | (0.8 to 6.9) | 0.11 |
Signs of HF prior to pregnancy | 9.6 | (5.9 to 15.5) | <0.001 |
Pulmonary hypertension | 1.8 | (1.0 to 3.0) | 0.04 |
Left-sided lesion | 1.6 | (1.0 to 2.7) | 0.07 |
HF, heart failure; NYHA, New York Heart Association.