Guideline recommendations for initiation of perioperative β-blockade
| Patient group | 2007 | 2009 |
|---|---|---|
| ACCF/AHA guidelines | ||
| Vascular surgery and ischaemia on preoperative testing | Class I | Class IIa with dose titration |
| Vascular surgery and established coronary artery disease | Class IIa | Class IIa with dose titration |
| Vascular surgery and more than one risk factor | Class IIa | Class IIa with dose titration |
| Intermediate-risk surgery and coronary artery disease or more than one risk factor | Class IIa | Class IIa with dose titration |
| ESC guidelines | ||
| Established coronary artery disease or ischaemia on preoperative stress testing | Class I, with dose titration | |
| High-risk surgery | Class I, with dose titration | |
| Intermediate-risk surgery | Class IIa, with dose titration | |
ACCF, American College of Cardiology Foundation; AHA, American Heart Association; ESC, European Society of Cardiology.