Table 1

Characteristics of infective endocarditis (IE) according to sex

	Men			Women			p Value*
	N=466 (75.2%)			N=154 (24.8%)
	N	%/mean	SD	N	%/mean	SD
(A) Patient's characteristics
Age (years)	466	60.4	14.5	154	64.3	15.9	0.005
Hypertension	171	36.7		70	45.5		0.05
Diabetes mellitus	83	17.8		38	24.7		0.06
Cancer	62	13.3		24	15.6		0.48
Haemodialysis	9	1.9		8	5.2		0.04
Immunosuppression	29	6.2		10	6.5		0.90
Current smoker	119	26.3		21	14.0		0.002
Intravenous drug users	15	3.2		3	1.9		0.58
History of valve disease							0.98
No known valve disease	240	51.5		80	51.9
Native valve disease	131	28.1		42	27.3
Prosthetic valve	95	20.4		32	20.8
(B) Characteristics of IE:
Microorganisms:
Oral streptococci	95	20.4		31	20.1		0.95
Group D streptococci	107	23.0		20	13.0		0.008
Pyogenic streptococci	20	4.3		16	10.4		0.005
Enterococci	48	10.3		12	7.8		0.36
Other Streptococcaceae	10	2.1		4	2.6		0.76
Staphylococcus aureus	95	20.4		35	22.7		0.54
Coagulase negative staphylococci	26	5.6		12	7.8		0.32
Other micro-organism	34	7.3		9	5.8		0.54
Location of IE:							0.02
Aortic	204	43.8		54	35.1
Mitral	165	35.4		77	50.0
Aortic and mitral	82	17.6		19	12.3
Echocardiography findings:
Size of vegetation							0.55
No vegetation	38	8.2		15	9.7
<10 mm	108	23.2		43	27.9
≥10 mm	216	46.4		65	42.2
Unknown size	104	22.3		31	20.1
Perforation	77	16.5		18	11.7		0.15
Intracardiac abscess	106	22.7		23	14.9		0.04
Severe regurgitation	216	48.3		53	35.1		0.005
(C) Clinical and biological events:
Fever	409	88.3		139	90.3		0.51
Heart failure	145	31.7		40	27.2		0.31
Septic shock	41	9.0		6	4.0		0.05
Vascular event	217	46.6		68	44.2		0.60
Cerebral embolism	105	22.5		32	20.8		0.65
Other vascular event	173	37.1		51	33.1		0.37
Creatinine >180 µmol/L	138	30.4		40	26.5		0.36
CRP >120 mg/L	188	42.9		77	53.5		0.03
EVS	244	52.4		57	37.0		0.001
Time from admission to EVS		28.0	37.5		24.0	26.8	0.26
Inhospital mortality	93	20.0		31	20.1		0.96
1-year mortality	116	24.9		41	26.6		0.67

*χ² test or Fisher's exact test for qualitative variables, Student's test or Wilcoxon test for quantitative variables.
CRP, C reactive protein; EVS, early valve surgery.