Table 3

Incidence studies in high school students

Author	Year published	Country	Study design	Case identification	Denominator	Exertional deaths of all?	SCD or SCA+SCD	Years studied	Population	Incidence	Number of years	Age range	Mean age	Number of cardiac deaths
Maron31	1998	USA	Retrospective cohort	Insurance claims	Minnesota State High School League	Exertional during school sponsored sport	SCD	1985–1997	High school athlete	1:217 000 overall 1:129 000 male 0 for female	12	16–17	16.5	3
Drezner2	2009	USA	Cross-sectional survey	1710 high schools with AEDs surveyed for SCA or SCD	Number of student athletes reported by schools	SCA or SCD occurring on campus	SCA+SCD	2006–2007	High school athletes	1:23 000 SCA+SCD 1:46 000 SCD	Within 6 months of survey	14–17	16	14
Maron32	2013	USA	Retrospective cohort	US Registry of Sudden Death in Athletes	Minnesota State High School League	Exertional	SCD	1986–2011	High school athletes	1:150 000	26	12–18	16	13
Roberts1	2013	USA	Retrospective cohort	Insurance claims data	Minnesota State High School League	Exertional during school sponsored sport	SCD	1993–2012	High school athletes	1:416 666 over last decade 1:917 000	19	12–19	_	4
Toresdahl34	2014	USA	Prospective observational	2149 schools followed for SCA+SCD which occurred on school campus	Number of student athletes reported by schools	SCA or SCD occurring on campus	SCA+SCD	2009–2011	High school athletes	1:87 719 SCA+SCD 1:57 000 male SCA+SCD	2	14–18	_	18 SCA+SCD 2 SCD
Drezner5	2014	USA	Retrospective cohort	Media reports	NFHS	All	SCA+SCD	2003–2013	High school athletes	1:153 846 SCD 1:71 428 SCA 1:21 277 male basketball	10	14–18	–	6 SCD 7 SCD
Harmon35	2014	USA	Retrospective cohort	Media reports	NFHS	All	SCA+SCD	2007–2013	High school athletes	1:63 988 SCA 1:41 662 male 1:33 815 male basketball	5	14–18	_	74 SCD 35 SCA

SCA, sudden cardiac arrest; SCD, sudden cardiac death.