Differential (comparative) characteristics of AF patients treated appropriately/inappropriately with dual therapy of OAC and AP—Part I
| Dual therapy appropriately used* | Dual therapy inappropriately used† | p Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=31) | (n=629) | ||||
| mean±SD | mean±SD | ||||
| Age, mean | 69.6±10.83 | 71.1±9.88 | 0.3985 | ||
| Body Mass Index (BMI), mean | 29.7±6.21 | 28.3±4.85 | 0.2237 | ||
| n | % | n | % | ||
| Gender, male | 25 | 80.6 | 439 | 69.9 | 0.2027 |
| Pattern of AF | n | % | N | % | |
| Paroxysmal | 8 | 26.7 | 199 | 31.8 | 0.3023‡ |
| Persistent (short-term) | 10 | 33.3 | 178 | 28.5 | |
| Long-standing persistent | 0 | 0.0 | 52 | 8.3 | |
| Overall persistent (combining the two above) | 10 | 33.3 | 230 | 36.8 | |
| Permanent | 12 | 40.0 | 196 | 31.4 | |
| Risk factors and comorbidities | n | % | n | % | |
| Arterial hypertension | 23 | 74.2 | 477 | 75.8 | 0.8351 |
| Diabetes | 16 | 51.6 | 159 | 25.3 | 0.0012 |
| Diabetes, insulin therapy§ | 1 | 6.3 | 3 | 1.9 | 0.0542 |
| Obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2) | 13 | 41.9 | 193 | 30.7 | 0.1869 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 2 | 6.5 | 81 | 12.9 | 0.2910 |
| Current smoking | 3 | 9.7 | 45 | 7.2 | 0.5974 |
| Previous smoking | 15 | 50 | 298 | 47.6 | 0.7974 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 24 | 77.4 | 388 | 61.7 | 0.0774 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 0 | 0.0 | 30 | 4.8 | 0.2133 |
| Chronic renal insufficiency | 2 | 6.7 | 99 | 15.8 | 0.1769 |
| Patients’ characteristics | n | % | N | % | |
| Chronic hepatic disease | 1 | 3.2 | 11 | 1.8 | 0.5490 |
| Bleeding history or predisposition | 4 | 12.9 | 69 | 11 | 0.7376 |
| Heart valve dysfunction | 17 | 54.8 | 259 | 41.5 | 0.1423 |
| Valve replacement overall¶ | 1 | 5.9 | 45 | 17.4 | 0.2181 |
| Mechanical valve replacement** | 0 | 0.0 | 18 | 40 | 0.4176 |
| Bioprosthesis replacement** | 1 | 100 | 26 | 57.8 | 0.3964 |
| Coronary heart disease (CHD) | 31 | 100 | 327 | 52 | <0.0001 |
| Previous coronary artery stenting†† | 25 | 80.7 | 183 | 56 | 0.0078 |
| Bare-metal stent‡‡ | 8 | 32 | 98 | 53.6 | 0.0432 |
| Drug-eluting stent‡‡ | 17 | 68 | 71 | 38.8 | 0.0056 |
| mean±SD | mean±SD | ||||
| Stent inserted (years ago) | 0.6±0.6 | 5.6±4.6 | <0.0001 | ||
| n | % | N | % | ||
| Previous myocardial infarction | 31 | 100 | 147 | 45 | <0.0001 |
| Previous ischaemic strokes | 0 | 0.0 | 72 | 11.4 | 0.0460 |
| Previous TIAs | 2 | 6.5 | 57 | 9.1 | 0.6173 |
| Previous other ischaemic-thromboembolic events | 0 | 0.0 | 20 | 3.2 | 0.3134 |
| Chronic heart failure total | 10 | 32.3 | 155 | 24.7 | 0.3446 |
| NYHA Class I§§ | 0 | 0.0 | 19 | 12.3 | 0.4424‡ |
| NYHA Class II§§ | 5 | 50 | 82 | 52.9 | |
| NYHA Class III§§ | 5 | 50 | 48 | 31 | |
| NYHA Class IV§§ | 0 | 0.0 | 6 | 3.9 | |
| Peripheral arterial disease total | 3 | 9.7 | 64 | 10.2 | 0.9264 |
| Leriche and Fontaine Stage I¶¶ | 0 | 0.0 | 13 | 20.3 | 0.5042‡ |
| Leriche and Fontaine Stage II¶¶ | 3 | 100 | 32 | 50 | |
| Leriche and Fontaine Stage III¶¶ | 0 | 0.0 | 10 | 15.6 | |
| Leriche and Fontaine Stage IV¶¶ | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 4.7 | |
| Reduced LV function | 15 | 48.4 | 182 | 29.1 | 0.0224 |
| Thromboembolic events | 2 | 6.5 | 16 | 2.5 | 0.1922 |
*Patients assessed as ‘appropriate’ in online supplementary figure 1_dual therapy.
†Patients assessed as ‘inappropriate’ in online supplementary figure 1_dual therapy.
‡Global χ2 test. §Denominator is diabetes.
¶Denominator is heart valve dysfunction.
**Denominator is valve replacement overall.
††Denominator is coronary heart disease.
‡‡Denominator is previous coronary artery stenting.
§§Denominator is chronic heart failure total.
¶¶Denominator is peripheral artery disease total.