Models (n) | Model 1 (6678) | Model 2 (6678) | Model 3 (5504) | Model 4a (6678) | Model 4b (4912) | Model 5 (4904) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (per year increment) | 1.071 (1.05 to 1.09) | 1.081 (1.05 to 1.10) | 1.032 (1.0 to 1.05) | 1.071 (1.05 to 1.09) | 1.081 (1.05 to 1.10) | 1.041 (1.03 to 1.08) |
Gender (male vs female) | 1.642 (1.15 to 2.34) | 2.08 (1.45 to 2.99) | 2.271 (1.53 to 3.36) | 1.552 (1.09 to 2.22) | 1.10 (0.68 to 1.77) | 1.36 (0.78 to 2.36) |
Cigarette smoking (current vs never) | 2.351 (1.49 to 3.71) | 2.981 (1.87 to 4.76) | 1.972 (1.15 to 3.36) | 2.401 (1.54 to 3.81) | 1.982 (1.13 to 3.46) | 2.542 (1.36 to 4.74) |
BMI (per kg/m2 increment) | 1.051 (1.02 to 1.09) | 1.081 (1.04 to 1.11) | 1.042 (1.0 to 1.08) | 1.052 (1.02 to 1.08) | – | – |
Systolic BP (per mm Hg) | 1.021 (1.01 to 1.02) | 1.011 (1.00 to 1.02) | 1.03 (1.0 to 1.01) | 1.021 (1.00 to 1.02) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) |
Heart rate (per beat/min) | 1.023 (1.0 to 1.03) | 1.01 (1.0 to 1.03) | 1.032 (1.0 to 1.04) | 1.023 (1.00 to 1.03) | 1.032 (1.01 to 1.05) | 1.041 (1.02 to 1.06) |
Diabetes (vs non-diabetics) | 2.341 (1.62 to 3.37) | 1.831 (1.25 to 2.68) | 2.271 (1.48 to 3.47) | 2.301 (1.60 to 3.32) | 2.581 (1.60 to 4.16) | 1.853 (1.05 to 3.28) |
Creatine (per mg/dL) | 1.401 (1.16 to 1.70) | 0.94 (0.78 to 1.48) | – | 1.421 (1.18 to 1.71) | 1.283 (1.04 to 1.57) | – |
NT-proBNP (per log unit increment) | – | 2.481 (2.16to 2.84) | – | – | 1.621 (1.35 to 1.95) | |
ECG-LVH (vs no LVH) | – | – | 4.161 (2.20 to 7.85) | – | – | |
LV mass index (per unit g/m2 increment) | – | – | – | 1.041 (1.03 to 1.04) | 1.021 (1.01 to 1.03) |
1p<0.001, 2p<0.01, 3p<0.05.
Significant HR and their confidence intervals are presented in bold.
Model 1: includes age, gender, ethnicity, BMI, cigarette smoking, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, diabetes mellitus, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and creatine.
Model 2: Model 1+ interim myocardial infarction.
Model 3: age, gender, ethnicity, BMI, cigarette smoking, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, diabetes mellitus, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and log of NT-proBNP.
Model 4a: age, gender, ethnicity, BMI, cigarette smoking, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, diabetes mellitus, creatine, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and ECG-LVH.
Model 4b: age, gender, ethnicity, cigarette smoking, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, diabetes mellitus, creatine and LV mass indexed to body surface area.
Model 5: age, gender, ethnicity, cigarette smoking, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, diabetes mellitus, interim myocardial infarction, LV mass indexed to body surface area and log of NT-proBNP.
BMI, body mass index; HF, heart failure; LVH, LV hypertrophy; MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.