Echocardiographic findings in athletes with or without TWI
| Characteristics | Overall n=2261 | Normal T waves n=2125 | TWI n=136 | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| End-diastolic diameter, mm | 46.3±5 (25–58) | 46.4±5 (25–58) | 43.8±4.5 (35–54) | <0.0001 |
| End-diastolic diameter indexed by BSA, mm/m2 | 32.2±4.8 (17.8–56.2) | 32±4.6 (17.8–56.2) | 35.5±5.4 (22–52) | 0.09 |
| End-systolic diameter, mm | 27.6±4.2 (13–46) | 27.6±4.2 (13–46) | 25.7±3.9 (18–33.3) | <0.0001 |
| End-systolic diameter indexed by BSA, mm/m2 | 19.2±3.3 (7–32) | 19.1±3.3 (7–32) | 20.8±3.6 11.2–30.2) | 0.08 |
| Inter-ventricular septum thickness, mm | 7.2 ±1.3 (4–14) | 7.3±1.2 (4–11.5) | 6.9±1.4 (5–14) | 0.001 |
| Inter-ventricular septal thickness indexed by BSA, mm/m2 | 5±1 (3–13) | 5±1 (2–13) | 5.5±1.1 (3–9.5) | 0.09 |
| Posterior wall thickness, mm | 7.2±1.1 (4–12) | 7.2±1.1 (5–11) | 6.7±1.1 (4–12) | 0.08 |
| Posterior wall thickness indexed by BSA, mm/m2 | 5±0.9 (2.8–13) | 5±0.8 (2.8–13) | 5.4±0.9 (3.4–9.5) | 0.09 |
| RV diameter, mm | 26.5±7.6 (10–40) | 26.5±7.8 (10–40) | 25±3.4 (18–37) | <0.0001 |
| RV diameter indexed by BSA, mm/m2 | 18.4±5.9 (9.6–28) | 18.3±6 (9.6–28) | 20.2±3.5 (10–30) | 0.11 |
| Left atrial diameter, mm | 28±7.8 (15–40) | 28±8 (15–40) | 26.6±4.1 (18–38) | 0.001 |
| Left atrial diameter indexed by BSA, mm/m2 | 19.5±6.4 (6.1–24.4) | 19.4±6.5 (6.1–24.4) | 21.5±4.3 (8.4–34.4) | 0.1 |
| LV mass, g | 107.3±33.8 | 108.3±33.7 | 91.4±32 | <0.0001 |
| LV mass indexed by BSA, g/m2 | 72.3±15 (40–260) | 72.3±15 (40–260) | 71.3±15.5 (51–200) | 0.35 |
| LV mass indexed by height,2 7 g/h2.7 | 32.2±7 (13–89) | 32.3±7.1 (13–89) | 32±6.6 (16–62) | 0.09 |
| EF, % | 68.6±4.9 (50–75) | 68.7±4.8 (50–75) | 69±5.4 (50–75) | 0.21 |
Data ranges are presented in parentheses.
BSA, body surface area by Moesteller formula; TWI, T wave inversion.