US Environmental Protection Agency regulated air pollution components and cardiovascular effects in humans
| Air pollution component | Cardiovascular effect | Selected references |
|---|---|---|
| Ozone | Hypertension | 8 |
| Stroke | 28 | |
| Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest | 29 | |
| Particulate matter | Ischaemic heart disease | 3 |
| Heart failure | 4 | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 5 | |
| Thrombosis | 6 | |
| Hypertension | 7, 8 | |
| Arrhythmias | 1, 9 | |
| Carbon monoxide | Heart failure | 4 |
| Out of hospital cardiac arrest | 30 | |
| Increased myocardial infarction risk | 31 | |
| Nitrogen oxides | Heart failure | 4 |
| Transient ischaemic attack and stroke | 32 | |
| Increased myocardial infarction risk | 31 | |
| Sulfur dioxide | Heart failure | 4 |
| Increased myocardial infarction risk | 31 | |
| Lead | Hypertension | 33 |