Table 1

Summary of randomised studies on patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure for cryptogenic stroke (CS)

	Closure	Respect	PC trial
Inclusion	18–60 years, PFO, CS or TIA within 6 months	18–60 years, PFO, CS within 270 days	<60 years, PFO, CS
Primary outcome	Composite: Stroke or TIA, death from any cause within 30 days, death from neurological causes between 31 days and 2 years	Recurrence of non-fatal stroke, fatal ischaemic stroke or all-cause mortality	Composite: death from any cause, non-fatal stroke, TIA, peripheral embolism
Patients recruited	909	980	414
Follow-up	2 years	Mean 2.6 years	Mean 4 years
Device	STARFlex	Amplatzer PFO Occluder	Amplatzer PFO Occluder
Device closure effectiveness	86%	93.5%	95.9

	Closure	Medical	Closure	Medical	Closure	Medical
Dropouts	15%	19%	10%	19%	16%	20%
Kaplan-Meier ITT	5.5%	6.8%	1.8%	3.3%	3.4%	5.2%
HR	0.78 (0.45 to 1.35) p=0.37		0.49 (0.22 to 1.11) p=0.08		0.63 (0.24 to 1.62) p=0.34
Stroke ITT	2.9%	3.1%	1.8%	3.3%	0.5%	2.4%
HR	0.90 (0.41 to 1.98) p=0.79		0.53 (0.23 to 1.22) p=0.16		0.20 (0.02 to 1.72) p=0.14
As treated	Not presented		1.0%	3.3%	Not presented
HR			0.27 (0.10 to 0.75) p=0.01