Studies that evaluated the association between miscarriage and cerebrovascular disease
| Author (country) | Study design | Duration of follow-up | Outcome | Exposure | Number of cases | Number of non-cases | Result (OR/HR and 95% CI) | Covariates adjusted/matched on/stratified by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gallagher et al (2011)24 (China) | Prospective cohort | 11 years | Haemorrhagic stroke (ICD-9 code 434) | Recurrent miscarriage (2+) | 1372 | 240 800* | 1.01 (0.80 to 1.29) | Age |
| Ischaemic stroke (ICD-9 code 431) | Recurrent miscarriage (2+) | 507 | 240 800* | 1.36 (0.68 to 2.75) | ||||
| Kharazmi et al (2010)20 (Finland) | Community-based case-control | – | All Stroke | History of miscarriage | 214 | 3543 | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.7) | Age, education, BMI, WHR, number of previous pregnancies, smoking, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total and LDL cholesterol, and physical activity |
| Kharazmi et al (2011)21 (Germany) | Prospective cohort study | 12 years | All Stroke (ICD-10 codes: I60.0– I64) | History of miscarriage | 107 | 10 929 | 0.72 (0.42 to 1.25) | Age, education, BMI, WHR, number of previous pregnancies, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia |
| Recurrent miscarriage (3+) | 87 | 8169 | 1.31 (0.16 to 10.65) | |||||
| Pell et al (2004)25 (Scotland) | Retrospective cohort | 7 years | All Stroke and TIA (ICD-10 codes: I60–I69 and G45) | History of miscarriage prior to first live birth | 342 | 119 326 | 1.49 (1.09 to 2.03) | Age, deprivation category, preeclampsia, lowest birthweight quintile, preterm delivery and height |
*Estimated from person-years, as data not provided.
BMI, body mass index; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; LDL, low density lipoprotein; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; WHR, waist to hip ratio.