Baseline clinical and Doppler-echocardiographic characteristics of the study population
| Cohort with RVLS (n=128) | RVLS>|13|% (n=98) | RVLS<|13|% (n=30) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and physical exam | ||||
| Age, years | 73±10 | 73±10 | 70±11 | 0.15 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 105 (82) | 79 (81) | 26 (86) | 0.44 |
| Body surface area, m2 | 1.83±0.20 | 1.83±0.20 | 1.85±0.22 | 0.55 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 120±18 | 122±18 | 115±18 | 0.09 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 71±10 | 71±10 | 71±11 | 1.0 |
| NYHA functional class III–IV, n (%) | 64 (50) | 50 (51) | 14 (47) | 0.64 |
| Risk factors and concomitant diseases | ||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 85 (66) | 65 (66) | 20 (67) | 0.90 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 40 (31) | 25 (26) | 15 (50) | 0.01 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 95 (74) | 71 (72) | 24 (80) | 0.40 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 81 (63) | 63 (64) | 18 (60) | 0.50 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 93 (73) | 72 (73) | 21 (75) | 0.80 |
| Coronary artery bypass graft, n (%) | 38 (30) | 29 (30) | 9 (30) | 1.0 |
| Previous myocardial infarction, n (%) | 70 (55) | 58 (59) | 12 (40) | 0.04 |
| COPD, n (%) | 36 (28) | 26 (27) | 10 (33) | 0.46 |
| Logistic EuroSCORE, % | 18.7±13.1 | 17.8±15.2 | 21.7±16.9 | 0.15 |
| Medication | ||||
| β-Blockers, n (%) | 81 (63) | 60 (61) | 21 (70) | 0.30 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 83 (65) | 58 (59) | 25 (83) | 0.02 |
| ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 68 (53) | 54 (55) | 14 (47) | 0.30 |
| Statins, n (%) | 83 (65) | 61 (62) | 22 (73) | 0.27 |
| Doppler-echocardiographic data | ||||
| Dimensions and systolic function | ||||
| LA dimension, mm | 44±9 | 44±8 | 44±10 | 0.80 |
| LV end-diastolic diameter, mm | 58±10 | 58±11 | 57±7 | 0.82 |
| LV end-systolic diameter, mm | 48±10 | 48±11 | 48±8 | 0.78 |
| LV stroke volume, mL | 58±18 | 61±18 | 47±10 | <0.0001 |
| LV SVi, mL/m2 | 31±9 | 33±9 | 25±6 | <0.0001 |
| LVEF, % | 29±9 | 30±8 | 25±8 | 0.003 |
| LVLS, |%| | 9.5±3.0 | 10.2±2.8 | 7.0±2.8 | <0.0001 |
| RVLS, |%| | 17.4±5.5 | 19.6±4.2 | 10.3±2.0 | – |
| Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, mm Hg | 45±13 | 43±12 | 47±15 | 0.30 |
| Tricuspid regurgitation >mild, % | 46 (36) | 32 (33) | 14 (47) | 0.17 |
| Aortic stenosis severity | ||||
| Mean gradient, mm Hg | 25±9 | 25±8 | 24±11 | 0.50 |
| AVA, cm2 | 0.82±0.24 | 0.84±0.24 | 0.76±0.23 | 0.08 |
| Projected AVA, cm2 | 1.01±0.21 | 1.03±0.20 | 0.95±0.24 | 0.12 |
Values are mean±SD unless otherwise indicated.
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; AVA, aortic valve area; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LA, left atrial; LV, left ventricular; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVLS, left ventricular global longitudinal strain; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RVLS, right ventricular longitudinal strain; SVi, stroke volume index.