Clinical characteristics of the 62 study participants
| Mean±SD (range) | |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 74±12 (35–91) |
| Women, n (%)* | 30 (48)* |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.3±5.5 (18.6–45.8) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 121±23 (80–171) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 71±14 (50–107) |
| Sinus rhythm, n (%)* | 25 (40)* |
| Heart rate, bpm | 79±21 (51–140) |
| NT-proBNP, ng/L | 3761±3072 (90–9999) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 (Cockcroft-Gault) | 34±15 (12–85) |
| NYHA functional class, median (25th and 75th centile)* | II (I and III)* |
| Cause of heart failure; ischaemic, n (%)* | 31 (50)* |
| Cause of heart failure; mainly diastolic, n (%)* | 15 (24)* |
| Using diuretics, n (%)* | 56 (90)* |
| Using β-blockers, n (%)* | 49 (79)* |
| Using ACEI or ARB, n (%)* | 37 (60)* |
| EF (%) | 33.7±13.6 (7–64) |
| LV end-diastolic dimension, mm | 56±11 (22–80) |
| LV end-diastolic volume, mL | 136±76 (35–398) |
| Mitral early inflow, cm/s | 83±25 (39–144) |
| Mitral early inflow deceleration time, ms | 176±47 (82–263) |
| Any pleural effusion, n (%)* | 26 (42)* |
*Data not presented as mean±SD (range), and thus specified.
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB; angiotensin receptor blockers, eGFR; estimated glomerular filtration rate, n; number; NT-proBNP; N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA; New York Heart Association.