SCD group (N=25) | No SCD group (N=598) | p Values | |
---|---|---|---|
General data | |||
Age, years | 48±17 | 49±16 | Ns |
Male, % | 72 | 68 | Ns |
Age at diagnosis, years | 33±20 | 39±18 | Ns |
NYHA III–IV, % | 15 | 6 | Ns |
LVOT obstruction, % | 12 | 32 | 0.035 |
Previous myectomy, % | 0 | 6 | 0.000 |
ICD, % | 60 | 7 | 0.000 |
SCD risk factors | |||
NSVT, n (%) | 16 (64) | 198 (33) | 0.003 |
FH-SCD, n (%) | 7 (28) | 64 (11) | 0.019 |
MWT >30 mm, n (%) | 6 (24) | 36 (6) | 0.002 |
Unexplained syncope, n (%) | 6 (24) | 60 (10) | 0.042 |
ABPRE, n (%) | 8 (32) | 106 (18) | Ns |
Echocardiographic data | |||
LVEDd, mm | 49±5 | 46±5 | Ns |
LAd, mm | 45±8 | 42±7 | Ns |
MWT, mm | 23±6 | 20±5 | 0.027 |
LVOTGmax, mm Hg | 15 (12–17) | 12 (7–35) | Ns |
LVEF, % | 58±10 | 62±6 | Ns |
CPET data | |||
ΔSBP, mm Hg | 34±17 | 44±24 | 0.008 |
Peak HR, % of predicted | 76±13 | 81±14 | Ns |
AT VO2, mL/kg | 12±3 | 14±4 | 0.001 |
AT VO2, % of predicted | 42±13 | 48±13 | 0.028 |
Peak VO2, mL/kg/min | 17±4 | 21±7 | 0.000 |
Peak VO2, % of predicted | 59±16 | 72±20 | 0.000 |
CP, mL/kg×mm Hg | 2680±816 | 3556±1453 | 0.000 |
CP%, % of predicted×mm Hg | 8970±2755 | 12 051 ±4446 | 0.000 |
VO2/WL slope, mL/W | 9±1 | 11±2 | 0.001 |
VE/VCO2 slope | 33±6 | 28±6 | 0.001 |
Medical treatment | |||
β-blocker, % | 69 | 66 | Ns |
Verapamil, % | 7 | 10 | Ns |
Dysopiramide, % | 3 | 4 | Ns |
ACE-I/ARB, % | 23 | 27 | Ns |
Diuretics, % | 25 | 24 | Ns |
Cordarone, % | 28 | 9 | 0.004 |
Antiplatelet, % | 6 | 8 | Ns |
Warfarin, % | 8 | 7 | Ns |
Data are expressed as mean±SD, as absolute number of patients (% on total sample) or as median (25th–75th centile).
ABPRE, abnormal blood pressure response at exercise; ACE-I/ARB, ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers; AT, anaerobic threshold; CP, circulatory power; CPET, cardiopulmonary exercise test; FH, family history; HR, heart rate; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; LAd, left atrial diameter; LVEDd, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; LVOTGmax, maximal LV outflow tract gradient; NSVT, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia; NYHA, New York Heart Association; MWT, maximum wall thickness; ΔSBP, difference between peak and resting systolic blood pressures; SCD, sudden cardiac death; VO2, oxygen consumption; VO2/WL slope, relation between VO2 versus work load; VE/VCO2 slope, relation between ventilation versus carbon dioxide production.