Table 1

Baseline characteristics of studies investigating the efficacy of TH

Study name	Dixon et al6	COOL-MI7	ICE-IT8	RAPID MI-ICE9	CHILL-MI 10	VELOCITY11
Total number of patients	42	392	228	20	120	54
Age (years), (control vs TH)	58 vs 52	59 vs 60	57 vs 57	58 vs 62	59 vs 57	57 vs 57
Male (%), (control vs TH)	76 vs 90	74 vs 76	80 vs 75	78 vs 78	86 vs 79	81 vs 89
DM status (%), (control vs TH)	29 vs 19	18 vs 17	N/A	22 vs 11	5 vs 13	23 vs 21
HTN (%), (control vs TH)	57 vs 24	39 vs 47	N/A	22 vs 33	12 vs 28	34 vs 50
HLD (%), (control vs TH)	24 vs 43	30 vs 31	N/A	N/A	2 vs 16	23 vs 36
Current smoker (%), (control vs TH)	52 vs 67	48 vs 44	N/A	N/A	39 vs 46	44 vs 43
Prior MI (%), (control vs TH)	5 vs 14	12 vs 10	N/A	N/A	N/A	0 vs 0
Follow-up time (days)	30	30	360	4±2 days	6-month	180 (30 for imaging follow-up)
Primary end point	MACE at 30 days	IS* and MACE at 30 days	IS* at 30 days	Safety profile including 30-day mortality, reinfarction, heart failure	IS by CMR in 4±2 days, mortality and heart failure at 45 days	IS by CMR at 3–5 days, composite safety profile
Secondary end point	IS* at 30 days	ST segment resolution, LVEF by SPECT, CK-MB release	CK-MB release, NYHA FC at 30 days, MACE	IS by CMR in 4±2 days, troponin and CK-MB release	Safety profile	CMR MVO, LV volumes, EF at 3–5 days and 30 days, MACE, TIMI bleeding, ST segment resolution
Specific end points comprising MACE	Death, non-fatal reinfarction, TVR	Death, reinfarction, TVR	Death, reinfarction, stroke, heart failure, cardiogenic shock	N/A	N/A	Cardiac death, reinfarction, TVR

*Measured by 99m Tc-sestamibi SPECT imaging.
CHILL-MI, Efficacy of Endovascular Catheter Cooling Combined with Cold Saline for the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction; CK-MB, creatine kinase-MB isoform; CMR, cardiac MRI; COOL-MI, Cooling as an Adjunctive Therapy to Percutaneous Intervention in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction; DM, diabetes mellitus; EF, ejection fraction; HTN, hypertension; ICE-IT, Intravascular Cooling Adjunctive to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; IS, infarct size; LV, left ventricle; MACE, major adverse cardiac event MI, myocardial infarction; MVO, microvascular obstruction; N/A, not available; NYHA FC, New York Heart Association Functional Class; RAPID MI-ICE, Rapid Intravascular Cooling in Myocardial Infarction as Adjunctive to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention study; SPECT, single photon emission CT; TH, therapeutic hypothermia; TIMI, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction; TVR, target vessel revascularisation; VELOCITY, Prospective, Multicenter, Randomised, Controlled Pilot Trial of Peritoneal Hypothermia in Patients With ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.