Summary of meta-analysis results
| Panel A: general population studies | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General population studies | |||
| Adverse outcome | Studies (n) | Events/total | RR (95% CI) |
| All mortality | |||
| Adjusted only | 5 | 14 454/37 634 | 1.24 (1.02 to 1.51) |
| Unadjusted only | 2 | 15 001/39 965 | 0.73 (0.55 to 0.99) |
| Cardiovascular mortality | 3 | 3086/21 471 | 0.93 (0.74 to 1.17) |
| Heart failure or LV dysfunction | 3 | 2389/17 323 | 1.39 (1.18 to 1.65) |
| CHD or MI | 4 | 4006/26 896 | 1.08 (0.85 to 1.36) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 8 | 15 616/37 526 | 1.45 (1.23 to 1.71) |
| Stroke or TIA | 4 | 1.13 (0.82 to 1.56) | |
| Panel B: all studies (including studies of patients with CAD) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| All studies (including studies of patients with CAD) | |||
| Adverse outcome | Studies (n) | Events/total | RR (95% CI) |
| All mortality | |||
| Adjusted only | 7 | 14 739/38 572 | 1.23 (1.01 to 1.49) |
| Unadjusted only | 2 | 547/2331 | 0.73 (0.55 to 0.99) |
| Cardiovascular mortality | 4 | 3153/22 409 | 1.14 (0.73 to 1.76) |
| Heart failure or LV dysfunction | 4 | 2512/18 261 | 1.51 (1.22 to 1.88) |
| CHD or MI | 4 | 4006/26 896 | 1.08 (0.85 to 1.36) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 8 | 15 616/375 526 | 1.45 (1.23 to 1.71) |
| Stroke or TIA | 4 | 3258/40 690 | 1.13 (0.82 to 1.56) |
| Panel C: only inclusion of studies that adjusted for medications | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Only inclusion of studies that adjusted for medications | |||
| Adverse outcome | Studies (n) | Events/total | RR (95% CI) |
| All mortality | |||
| Adjusted only | 7 | 14 739/48 209 | 1.23 (1.01 to 1.49) |
| Cardiovascular mortality | 3 | 3116/20 774 | 1.19 (0.75 to 1.88) |
| Heart failure or LV dysfunction | 4 | 2512/18 261 | 1.51 (1.22 to 1.88) |
| CHD or MI | 1 | 3539/10 785 | 0.97 (0.77 to 1.22) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 6 | 14 449/317 346 | 1.50 (1.15 to 1.96) |
| Stroke or TIA | 2 | 2418/19 836 | 1.00 (0.59 to 1.70) |
| Panel D: only inclusion of studies that adjusted for CVD | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Only inclusion of studies that adjusted for CVD | |||
| Adverse outcome | Studies (n) | Events/total | RR (95% CI) |
| All mortality | |||
| Adjusted only | 6 | 11 470/39 158 | 1.26 (1.02 to 1.56) |
| Cardiovascular mortality | 2 | 2015/11 723 | 1.42 (0.59 to 3.46) |
| Heart failure or LV dysfunction | 4 | 2512/18 261 | 1.51 (1.22 to 1.88) |
| CHD or MI | 1 | 3539/10 785 | 0.97 (0.77 to 1.22) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 5 | 14 106/313 079 | 1.53 (1.14 to 2.04) |
| Stroke or TIA | 1 | 1927/10 785 | 1.23 (0.93 to 1.63) |
CAD, coronary artery disease; CHD, coronary heart disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; LV, left ventricular; MI, myocardial infarction; RR, risk ratio; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.