Overall population (N=583) | Galectin-3 <10.7 ng/mL (N=144) | 10.7 ≤galectin-3 <13.2 ng/mL (N=143) | 13.2 ≤galectin-3 <16.5 ng/mL (N=148) | Galectin-3 ≥16.5 ng/mL (N=148) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 75±10 | 69±11 | 74±10 | 77±9 | 79±7 | <0.0001 |
Men | 369 (63) | 104 (72) | 104 (73) | 84 (57) | 77 (52) | <0.0001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28±11 | 28±5 | 28±5 | 28±6 | 29±6 | 0.44 |
History of coronary artery disease | 164 (28) | 32 (22) | 40 (28) | 41 (28) | 51 (35) | 0.14 |
Hypertension | 396 (68) | 77 (54) | 93 (65) | 108 (73) | 118 (80) | <0.0001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 149 (26) | 35 (24) | 22 (15) | 41 (28) | 51 (34) | 0.002 |
Hypercholesterolaemia | 308 (53) | 68 (47) | 79 (55) | 84 (57) | 77 (52) | 0.38 |
Symptoms | 220 (38) | 48 (33) | 53 (37) | 58 (39) | 61 (41) | 0.55 |
Sinus rhythm | 520 (89) | 141 (98) | 127 (98) | 132 (89) | 120 (81) | <0.0001 |
Pacemaker | 30 (5) | 3 (2) | 7 (5) | 8 (5) | 12 (8) | 0.13 |
AS severity | ||||||
Aortic valve area (cm2) | 1.12±0.42 | 1.14±0.40 | 1.11±0.42 | 1.15±0.46 | 1.10±0.42 | 0.58 |
Mean gradient (mm Hg) | 37±21 | 39±21 | 38±21 | 37±23 | 36±20 | 0.53 |
Peak velocity (m/s) | 3.72±1.00 | 3.76±1.06 | 3.74±0.99 | 3.68±1.11 | 3.70±1.01 | 0.81 |
Severe AS | 307 (53) | 74 (51) | 76 (53) | 76 (51) | 81 (55) | 0.93 |
Left ventricular size and function | ||||||
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 62±7 | 63±5 | 62±7 | 62±8 | 61±10 | 0.29 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction <50% | 38 (7) | 3 (2) | 11 (8) | 10 (7) | 14 (10) | 0.04 |
Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (mm/m2) | 27±4 | 27±3 | 27±4 | 27±4 | 27±4 | 0.53 |
Left ventricular end-systolic diameter (mm/m2) | 17±4 | 16±4 | 17±4 | 17±3 | 17±4 | 0.40 |
Left ventricular mass (g) | 124±36 | 123±35 | 122±33 | 125±39 | 125±37 | 0.87 |
Peak E wave velocity (cm/s) | 79±26 | 77±26 | 75±21 | 79±26 | 84±28 | 0.02 |
E wave deceleration time (ms) | 238±80 | 230±68 | 238±73 | 257±77 | 227±97 | 0.02 |
E/A wave ratio | 0.95±0.48 | 0.91±0.33 | 0.92±0.42 | 0.92±0.49 | 1.03±0.62 | 0.85 |
E/E′ ratio | 15±7 | 14±6 | 14±6 | 15±6 | 18±9 | 0.0004 |
Creatinine clearance (mL/min) | 75±23 | 89±21 | 80±19 | 73±19 | 57±20 | <0.0001 |
Data are expressed as mean±SD, or number (percentage).
AS, aortic stenosis.