Baseline characteristics of ADVANCE controls (n=1135)
| Age, mean (SD) | 62.1 (7.7) |
| Gender, n (%) | |
| Male | 577 (50.8) |
| Female | 558 (49.2) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |
| White | 705 (62.1) |
| Black | 101 (8.9) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 118 (10.4) |
| Asian | 103 (9.1) |
| Other/mixed | 108 (9.5) |
| Education level, n (%) | |
| Less than college | 572 (50.4) |
| College or higher | 563 (49.6) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |
| Never | 512 (45.1) |
| Former | 519 (45.7) |
| Current | 104 (9.2) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 189 (16.7) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 28.3 (5.7) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 497 (43.8) |
| LDL-C (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 123.3 (31.8) |
| HDL-C (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 54.9 (16.1) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 112 (79–160) |
| Cholesterol lowering drugs, n (%) | 236 (20.8) |
| C reactive protein (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 1.5 (0.6–3.3) |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2), n (%) | |
| <60 | 102 (9.0) |
| 60–89 | 585 (51.5) |
| ≥90 | 271 (23.9) |
| 10-year Framingham risk score, median (IQR) | 7.0 (1.9–13.9) |
ADVANCE, Atherosclerotic Disease, VAscular FunctioN and GenetiC Epidemiology.