Estimated lifetime risk of radiation induced cancer incidence (all sites combined, risks rounded to the nearest hundred) presented in the form 1 in x, for both normal and reduced life expectancy
| Procedure | Normal life expectancy | Survival to 50 years | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males | Females | Males | Females | |
| 1 in: | 1 in: | 1 in: | 1 in: | |
| ASD occlusion | 6600 | 2100 | 50 000 | 14 300 |
| PDA occlusion | 3000 | 700 | 25 000 | 4300 |
| Pulmonary valvuloplasty | 1900 | 700 | 12 500 | 4500 |
| Aortic valvuloplasty | 2200 | 500 | 14 300 | 3000 |
| PA balloon/stent | 1200 | 300 | 9100 | 1900 |
| Coarctation balloon/stent | 1800 | 400 | 12 500 | 2700 |
| EPS/RFA | 4200 | 2100 | 33 000 | 20 000 |
| Heart biopsy | 20 000 | 6700 | 100 000 | 50 000 |
| Coronary angiography | 3700 | 1600 | 25 000 | 16 700 |
| Valve replacement | 600 | 150 | 5300 | 1000 |
| Pacemaker procedure | 8300 | 4500 | 50 000 | 33 000 |
| Atrial septostomy | 3800 | 900 | 25 000 | 5900 |
Figures are based on typical organ doses in UK practice, based on kerma area product levels given in table 1.
ASD, atrial septal defect; EPS, electrophysiology study; PA, pulmonary artery; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; RFA, radiofrequency ablation.