Study design and sample characteristics
| Author (year) | Study design | Number of HCM and control patients diagnosis of HCM | Age (years) | ♀ | Non-paroxysmal AF | AF duration (years) | LA size | LVT (mm) | % mitral regurgitation | LVOT obstruction | Previous myectomy or septal ablation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liu et al (2005)14 | Retrospective Multicentre (two centres) | 4 patients with HOCM based on echocardiographic criteria28 | 58±8 | 50% (2) | 0% (0) | 8±8.5 | 46±9 mm | 27±5 | N.A. | 100% (4) | 0% (0) |
| Kilicaslan et al (2006)15 | Retrospective Multicentre (four centres) | 27 patients with primary HCM according to ACCF/ESC consensus29 | 55±10 | 30% (8) | 48% (13) | 5.4±3.6 | 50±9 mm 170±48 mL | 17±5 | Grade 1–2: 67% (18) Grade 3–4: 7% (2) | At rest—44.4% (12) Provoked—37.0% (10) | 19% (5) |
| Gaita et al (2007)16 | Prospective Cohort Single-centre | 26 patients with HCM based on TTE (LV ≥13 to 15 mm) ±family history and absence of other cardiac or systemic disease Controls: 52 patients | 58±11 | 31% (8) | 50% (13) | 7.3±6.2 | 52±6 mm 70±26 mL/m2 | 23±4 | Mild: 69% (18) Moderate: 12% (3) | At rest—23% (6) | 19% (5) |
| Bunch et al (2008)17 | Prospective Single-centre | 33 patients with HCM Diagnosis criteria—guidelines/specialised clinic (Mayo) | 51±11 | 24% (8) | 36% (12) | 6.2±5.2 | 51±7 mm 140 mL (125–180) | N.A. | Mild–moderate: 21% (7) | At rest—24% (8) | N.A. |
| Di Donna et al (2010)18 | Retrospective Multicentre (two centres) | 61 patients with HCM based on TTE (LV ≥13 to 15 mm) and absence of other cardiac or systemic disease Genotype available in 11 patients | 54±13 | 28% (17) | 43% (26) | 5.7±5.5 | 52±5 mm 180±40 mL | 20±5 | Mild: 50% (28) Moderate: 36% (22) | At rest—20% (12) | 10% (6) |
| McCready et al (2011)19 | Retrospective Cohort Single-centre | 14 patients with HCM—according to ACCF/ESC consensus29 177 controls | 58±13 | 21% (40) | 100% (191) | N.A. | 47±7 mm | 17±4 | Mild: 14.3% (2) Moderate: 7.1% (1) | 28.6% (4) | N.A. |
| Derejko et al (2013)20 | Prospective observational | 30 patients with HCM according to ACCF/ESC consensus29 | 49±11 | 33% (10) | 53% (16) | 6±4.2 | 51±7 mm | 21±6 | N.A. | 20% (6) | 7% (2) |
| Santangeli et al (2013)21 | Prospective Multicentre (eight centres) | 43 patients with HCM according to ACCF/ESC consensus29 | 59±8 | 33% (14) | 72% (31) | Median 3.0, IQR 4.3 | 47±8 mm | 20±4 | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. |
| Yan et al (2013)22 | Retrospective Cohort Single-centre | 25 patients with HCM Diagnosis criteria—N.A. 50 controls | 53±8 54±8 | 24% (6) 24% (12) | 36% (9) 40% (20) | N.A. | 47±8 mm | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. |
| Hayashi et al (2014)23 | Retrospective Cohort Single-centre | 17 patients with HCM based on TTE (LV ≥15 mm) and absence of other cardiac or systemic disease30 31 34 controls | 63±12 66±9 | 29% (5) | 53% (9) | 3.5±3.5 4.1±3.7 | 46±7 mm | 19±4 | Moderate or severe 18% (3) 9% (3) | 23.5% (4) | 41% (7) |
| Contreras-Valdes et al (2015)24 | Retrospective Cohort Single-centre | 40 patients with HCM according to the ACCF/AHA guidelines32 64 controls | 54±7 | 30% (12) | 68% (27) 70% (45) | N.A. | N.A. | 18±3 | N.A. | 37.5% (15) | N.A. |
| Müssigbrodt et al (2015)25 | Prospective Cohort Single-centre | 22 patients with HCM based on TTE (LV ≥15mm) ± LVOT obstruction and absence of other cardiac or systemic disease33 22 patients with secondary cardiac hypertrophy | 57±8 63±10 | 32% (7) 36% (8) | 55% (12) 55% (12) | N.A. | 46±8 mm | 19±4 | Significant: 14% (3) 0% (0) | 36% (8) | 32% (7) |
| Okamatsu et al (2015)26 | Retrospective Single-centre | 22 patients with HCM based on the presence of myocardial hypertrophy and absence of local or systemic aetiology | 65±11 | 55% (12) | 77% (17) | 6.7±4.4 | 48±6 mm 98±38 mL | 13±4 | Greater than or equal to moderate: 23% (5) | 14% (3) | N.A. |
| Wen et al (2015)27 | Retrospective Single-centre | 39 patients with HCM according to ACCF/AHA guidelines32 and ESC29 | 54±10 | 26% (10) | 31% (12) | 5.8±5.6 | 46±7 mm | 20±4 | Mild: 26% (10) | N.A. | 0% (0) |
| Total or median (quartiles) | Systematic review—403 patients with HCM Meta-analysis—139 patients with HCM vs 393 controls Median HCM cohort size 27 (22–39.5) | 57 (54–59) | 30% (26%–33%) | 53% (37%–69%) | 5.9 (4.0–6.9) | 47 mm (46–51) | 20 (18–21) | N.A. | 24% (20%–37.5%) | 14.5% (1.8%–28.8%) | |
ACCF, American College of Cardiology Foundation; AHA, American Heart Association; AF, atrial fibrillation; ESC, European Society of Cardiology; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; HOCM, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; LVOT, left ventricle outflow tract; LVT, left ventricle thickness; N.A., not available; TTE, transthoracic echocardiogram.