Baseline characteristics of patients in cohort 1 to cohort 4 by antithrombotic treatment type
| Variable | None | AP alone | AC+AP or AP alone | AC+AP | NOAC+AP | VKA+AP | AC±AP | NOAC alone | VKA alone |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 4802 | 8714 | 14 309 | 5595 | 1656 | 3939 | 25 680 | 7244 | 12 841 |
| Female, n (%) | 2135 (44.5) | 3774 (43.3) | 5957 (41.6) | 2183 (39.0) | 656 (39.6) | 1527 (38.8) | 11 449 (44.6) | 3267 (45.1) | 5999 (46.7) |
| Age at diagnosis, years, mean (SD) | 66.8 (13.5) | 68.7 (12.1)a | 69.4 (11.5)a | 70.5 (10.4) | 71.2 (10.5) | 70.3 (10.3) | 70.6 (10.7) | 70.7 (10.9) | 70.6 (10.8) |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||||||||
| CAD | 494 (10.3)b | 2834 (32.5) | 5139 (35.9) | 2305 (41.2) | 708 (42.8) | 1597 (40.5) | 4883 (19.0) | 857 (11.8) | 1721 (13.4) |
| Vascular disease | 358 (7.5)b | 1865 (21.4) | 3628 (25.4) | 1763 (31.5) | 532 (32.1) | 1231 (31.3) | 3810 (14.8) | 682 (9.4) | 1365 (10.6) |
| Systemic embolism | 14 (0.3)b | 34 (0.4) | 96 (0.7) | 62 (1.1) | 19 (1.2) | 43 (1.1) | 216 (0.8) | 39 (0.5) | 115 (0.9) |
| Stroke | 202 (4.2)b | 665 (7.7) | 1316 (9.2) | 651 (11.7) | 178 (10.8) | 473 (12.0) | 2162 (8.4) | 508 (7.0) | 1003 (7.8) |
| Bleeding | 221 (4.6)b | 301 (3.5) | 438 (3.1) | 137 (2.5) | 37 (2.2) | 100 (2.5) | 492 (1.9) | 150 (2.1) | 205 (1.6) |
| Hypertension | 3439 (71.6)b | 7007 (80.4) | 11 787 (82.4) | 4780 (85.4) | 1403 (84.7) | 3377 (85.7) | 21 345 (83.1) | 5831 (80.5) | 10 734 (83.6) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 831 (17.3)b | 1816 (20.8) | 3533 (24.7) | 1717 (30.7) | 492 (29.7) | 1225 (31.1) | 5884 (22.9) | 1354 (18.7) | 2813 (21.9) |
| Moderate-to-severe CKD* | 371 (7.7)b | 826 (9.5)a | 1581 (11.0)a | 755 (13.5) | 208 (12.6) | 547 (13.9) | 2818 (11.0)a | 677 (9.3) | 1386 (10.8)a |
| Risk scores | |||||||||
| CHA2DS2-VASc, median (Q1–Q3) | 3.0 (1.0–4.0)c | 3.0 (2.0–4.0)d | 3.0 (2.0–4.0)e | 4.0 (3.0–5.0)f | 4.0 (3.0–5.0)g | 4.0 (3.0–5.0)h | 3.0 (2.0–4.0)i | 3.0 (2.0–4.0)j | 3.0 (2.0–4.0)k |
| CHA2DS2-VASc, 0–1, n (%) | 1212 (26.5) | 1457 (17.1) | 1902 (13.5) | 445 (8.1) | 137 (8.3) | 308 (7.9) | 2988 (11.9) | 1079 (15.1) | 1464 (11.7) |
| HAS-BLED, median (Q1–Q3)† | 1.0 (0.0–1.0)l | 2.0 (1.0–2.0)m | 2.0 (1.0–2.0)n | 2.0 (2.0–3.0)o | 2.0 (2.0–2.0)p | 2.0 (1.0–3.0)q | 1.0 (1.0–2.0)r | 1.0 (1.0–2.0)s | 1.0 (1.0–2.0)t |
| HAS-BLED, 0–2, n (%)† | 2984 (94.2) | 4742 (80.0) | 7718 (78.0) | 2976 (75.0) | 911 (76.2) | 2065 (74.5) | 16 865 (90.4) | 5271 (95.0) | 8618 (94.4) |
a1 patient missing; b2 patients missing; c225 patients missing; d175 patients missing; e244 patients missing; f69 patients missing; g15 patients missing; h54 patients missing; i481 patients missing; j116 patients missing; k296 patients missing; l1634 patients missing; m2787 patients missing; n4413 patients missing; o1626 patients missing; p460 patients missing; q1166 patients missing; r7032 patients missing; s1697 patients missing; t3709 patients missing.
AC, anticoagulant; AP, antiplatelet; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHA2DS2-VASc, cardiac failure, hypertension, age ≥75 (doubled), diabetes, stroke (doubled)-vascular disease, age 65–74 and sex category (female); CKD, chronic kidney disease; NKF KDOQI, National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative; NOAC, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.
*Includes NKF KDOQI stages III–V.
†‘modified’ HAS-BLED, hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function (1 point each), stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, elderly (>65), drugs/alcohol concomitantly (1 point each).