Pooled safety outcomes with stroke prevention strategies directly compared with warfarin
| Warfarin (events/n) | Comparator (events/n) | Pairwise meta-analysis, odds ratio (95% CI) | Heterogeneity, I2, p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major bleeding | ||||
| Warfarin vs NOAC | 1769/29 211 | 2091/42 304 | 0.77 (0.72 to 0.83) | 90.9%, p=0.001 |
| Warfarin vs LAAC | 18/244 | 22/463 | 0.63 (0.33 to 1.19) | - |
| Warfarin vs APT | 195/5859 | 178/6012 | 0.92 (0.74 to 1.14) | 74.6%, p=0.001 |
| Warfarin vs placebo | 38/770 | 8/925 | 0.27 (0.12 to 0.63) | 71.4%, p=0.030 |
| Intracranial bleeding | ||||
| Warfarin vs NOAC | 301/29 901 | 203/43 028 | 0.48 (0.40 to 0.57) | 52.0%, p=0.080 |
| Warfarin vs LAAC | 10/382 | 4/732 | 0.21 (0.06 to 0.71) | 41.9%, p=0.190 |
| Warfarin vs APT | 33/4917 | 16/5058 | 0.50 (0.28 to 0.92) | 0.0%, p=0.908 |
| Warfarin vs placebo | 2/770 | 1/925 | 0.58 (0.09 to 3.70) | 0.0%, p=0.701 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | ||||
| Warfarin vs NOAC | 595/29 850 | 1011/42 943 | 1.12 (1.01 to 1.25) | 77.9%, p=0.001 |
| Warfarin vs LAAC | 21/382 | 3/722 | 0.24 (0.11 to 0.51) | – |
| Warfarin vs APT | 9/868 | 7/1065 | 0.56 (0.18 to 1.76) | 53.9%, p=0.114 |
| Warfarin vs placebo | 8/560 | 1/714 | 0.13 (0.02 to 0.76) | 0.0%, p=0.876 |
APT, antiplatelet therapy; LAAC, left atrial appendage closure; NOAC, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants.