All patients (n=179) | Event (−) (n=139) | Event (+) (n=40) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Age, years | 61±15 | 59±14 | 62±17 | 0.17 |
Male, n (%) | 121 (68) | 99 (71) | 22 (55) | 0.06 |
Family history, n (%) | 29 (16) | 17 (12) | 12 (30) | 0.007 |
NYHA class ≥III, n (%) | 108 (60) | 72 (52) | 36 (90) | <0.0001 |
Systolic BP, mm Hg | 119±20 | 121±21 | 113±16 | 0.02 |
Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 71±13 | 73±12 | 68±15 | 0.03 |
ECG at baseline | ||||
Heart rate, bpm | 80±20 | 79±21 | 83±16 | 0.29 |
Left bundle-branch block, n (%) | 38 (21) | 26 (19) | 12 (30) | 0.11 |
QRS duration, ms | 119±29 | 117±28 | 126±31 | 0.09 |
Laboratory data | ||||
Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.91±0.59 | 0.89±0.65 | 0.98±0.30 | 0.45 |
BNP, pg/mL | 570±767 | 451±601 | 972±1085 | 0.0005 |
Echocardiographic data | ||||
LVEDV, mL | 195±60 | 185±51 | 229±75 | 0.0001 |
LVESV, mL | 133±54 | 124±48 | 161±61 | 0.0001 |
LVEF, % | 33±9.0 | 34±9.0 | 30±8.3 | 0.02 |
LAV, mL | 83±40 | 80±37 | 95±48 | 0.06 |
E/A ratio | 1.24±0.86 | 1.24±0.83 | 1.26±1.00 | 0.89 |
MR, n (%) | 0.01 | |||
Mild | 94 (53) | 69 (49.7) | 25 (62.5) | |
Moderate | 82 (45) | 70 (50.3) | 12 (30) | |
Severe | 3 (2) | 0 (0) | 3 (7.5) | |
GLS, % | −8.7±−4.1 | −9.6±−4.0 | −5.8±−2.9 | <0.0001 |
GRS, % | 11.2±7.1 | 11.7±7.3 | 9.7±6.1 | 0.12 |
GCS, % | −9.1±−5.1 | −9.4±−5.2 | −7.8±−4.4 | 0.07 |
CMR data | ||||
LGE (+), n (%) | 100 (56) | 71 (52) | 29 (75) | 0.01 |
Medications | ||||
ACEI and/or ARB, n (%) | 164 (92) | 127 (92) | 37 (93) | 0.93 |
β-blockers, n (%) | 165 (93) | 127 (92) | 38 (95) | 0.51 |
Spironolactone, n (%) | 81 (45) | 58 (41) | 23 (58) | 0.07 |
Loop diuretics, n (%) | 109 (61) | 75 (55) | 34 (85) | 0.003 |
Digoxin, n (%) | 14 (8) | 11 (8) | 3 (8) | 0.93 |
Amiodarone, n (%) | 11 (6) | 9 (6) | 2 (5) | 0.72 |
Event (+): patients who had cardiac death, implantation of an LV assist device or rehospitalisation for heart failure during follow-up period.
ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; ACEI, ACE inhibitor; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; E/A ratio, ratio of the early to atrial transmitral velocity; GCS, global circumferential strain; GLS, global longitudinal strain; GRS, global radial strain; LV, left ventricle; LAV, left atrial volume; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; MR, mitral regurgitation; NYHA, New York Heart Association.