Population characteristics according to urbanisation and altitude at baseline
| Urbanisation | Altitude | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lima | Urban Puno | Tumbes | Rural Puno | Low altitude | High altitude | |
| (n=1052) | (n=574) | (n=581) | (n=1030) | (n=2082) | (n=1155) | |
| Sociodemographics, n (%) | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 546 (51.9%) | 297 (51.7%) | 311 (53.5%) | 518 (50.3%) | 1064 (51.1%) | 608 (52.6%) |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| <45 | 248 (23.6%) | 139 (24.2%) | 128 (22.1%) | 260 (25.2%) | 508 (24.4%) | 267 (23.2%) |
| 45–54 | 286 (27.2%) | 139 (24.2%) | 148 (25.6%) | 251 (24.4%) | 537 (25.8%) | 287 (24.9%) |
| 55–64 | 264 (25.1%) | 147 (25.6%) | 148 (25.6%) | 261 (25.3%) | 525 (25.2%) | 295 (25.6%) |
| 65+ | 254 (24.1%) | 149 (26.0%) | 155 (26.7%) | 258 (25.1%) | 512 (24.6%) | 304 (26.4%) |
| Education level (years) | ||||||
| < 7 | 454 (43.2%) | 91 (15.9%) | 373 (64.2%) | 572 (55.6%) | 1026 (49.3%) | 464 (40.2%) |
| 7–11 | 416 (39.6%) | 156 (27.2%) | 171 (29.4%) | 312 (30.3%) | 728 (35.0%) | 327 (28.3%) |
| 12+ | 181 (17.2%) | 327 (56.9%) | 37 (6.4%) | 145 (14.1%) | 326 (15.7%) | 364 (31.5%) |
| Socioeconomic status | ||||||
| Lowest tertile | 127 (12.1%) | 135 (23.5%) | 419 (72.1%) | 356 (34.6%) | 483 (23.2%) | 554 (48.0%) |
| Middle tertile | 387 (36.8%) | 156 (27.2%) | 147 (25.3%) | 401 (38.9%) | 788 (37.9%) | 303 (26.2%) |
| Highest tertile | 538 (51.1%) | 283 (49.3%) | 15 (2.6%) | 273 (26.5%) | 811 (38.9%) | 298 (25.8%) |
| Lifestyle behaviours, n (%) | ||||||
| Daily smoking | 34 (3.2%) | 12 (2.1%) | 1 (0.2%) | 56 (5.4%) | 90 (4.3%) | 13 (1.1%) |
| Heavy alcohol drinking | 57 (5.4%) | 35 (6.1%) | 16 (2.8%) | 59 (5.7%) | 116 (5.6%) | 51 (4.4%) |
| TV watching (2+ hour/day) | 509 (48.4%) | 265 (46.2%) | 83 (14.3%) | 525 (51.0%) | 1034 (49.7%) | 348 (30.2%) |
| Leisure-time inactivity | 974 (92.6%) | 518 (90.2%) | 558 (96.0%) | 978 (95.0%) | 1952 (93.8%) | 1076 (93.2%) |
| Transport-related inactivity | 75 (7.1%) | 19 (3.3%) | 12 (2.1%) | 216 (21.0%) | 291 (14.0%) | 31 (2.7%) |
| Fried food consumption | ||||||
| Weekly/daily | 686 (65.2%) | 427 (74.4%) | 427 (73.5%) | 684 (66.4%) | 1370 (65.8%) | 854 (73.9%) |
| High-sugar beverages consumption | ||||||
| Weekly/daily | 665 (63.2%) | 301 (52.4%) | 296 (51.0%) | 409 (39.7%) | 1074 (51.6%) | 597 (51.7%) |
| Measurements, n (%) | ||||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||
| Normal (<25 kg/m2) | 243 (23.2%) | 135 (24.0%) | 316 (54.5%) | 255 (24.8%) | 498 (24.0%) | 451 (39.5%) |
| Overweight (≥25 and <30 kg/m2) | 471 (45.0%) | 278 (49.4%) | 205 (35.3%) | 450 (43.6%) | 921 (44.4%) | 483 (42.3%) |
| Obese (≥30 kg/m2) | 332 (31.7%) | 150 (26.6%) | 59 (10.2%) | 325 (31.6%) | 657 (31.6%) | 209 (18.3%) |
| Central obesity (IDF) | 787 (75.2%) | 428 (76.0%) | 277 (47.8%) | 845 (82.1%) | 1632 (78.7%) | 705 (61.7%) |
| Total cholesterol (≥200 mg/dL) | 499 (48.4%) | 250 (48.6%) | 174 (32.3%) | 539 (52.3%) | 1038 (50.4%) | 424 (40.3%) |
| Metabolic syndrome | 505 (49.9%) | 246 (47.9%) | 150 (27.8%) | 563 (54.7%) | 1068 (51.8%) | 396 (37.6%) |
| Hypertension | 212 (20.2%) | 79 (13.8%) | 72 (12.4%) | 277 (26.9%) | 489 (23.5%) | 151 (13.1%) |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 57 (5.5%) | 37 (7.2%) | 17 (3.2%) | 106 (10.3%) | 163 (7.9%) | 54 (5.1%) |
Results may not add due to missing values. IDF, International Diabetes Federation.