Changes (mean change or change in proportion followed by 95% CI) in lifestyle, medical risk factors, cardioprotective medication and patient-reported outcome measures in high-risk individuals between the IA, EOP and 1-year assessments
| IA (n=871) | EOP (n=871) | Change | IA (n=357) | 1 year (n=357) | Change | |
| Current smoking (%) | 14.2% | 10.6% | −3.7% (−5.1%, −2.2%); p<0.001 | 12.0% | 10.4% | −1.6% (−3.8%, 0.6%); p=0.18 |
| Fruits and vegetable: ≥5 portions/day (%) | 32.8% | 46.1% | 13.3% (10.1%, 16.4%); p<0.001 | 33.5% | 42.4% | 8.9% (3.3%, 14.5%); p=0.002 |
| Fish: >20 g/day (%) | 76.5% | 86.0% | 9.5% (6.7%, 12.3%); p<0.001 | 75.6% | 80.8% | 5.1% (0.4%, 9.9%); p=0.03 |
| Mediterranean Diet Score mean (SD) | 7.2 (2.2) | 8.4 (1.9) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.3); p<0.001 | 7.0 (2.2) | 8.4 (2.0) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.6); p<0.001 |
| Physical Activity: ≥5 x/week ≥30 min (%) | 23.5% | 60.5% | 37.0% (33.2%, 40.6%); p<0.001 | 22.1% | 57.8% | 35.7% (29.7%, 41.7%); p<0.001 |
| Estimated METs maximum mean (SD) | 8.2 (1.8) | 9.0 (1.9) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0); p<0.001 | 8.2 (1.8) | 9.0 (1.9) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1); p<0.001 |
| Weight† 2 mean (SD) | 87.2 (15.3) | 85.8 (14.9) | −1.3 (−1.6,–1.1); p<0.001 | 87.3 (15.1) | 85.7 (15.2) | −1.6 (−2.2,–1.1); p<0.001 |
| Waist circumference cm mean (SD) | 100.7 | 99.1 | −1.6 (−1.9,–1.4);p<0.001 | 103.5 (11.9) | 101.8 (11.8) | −1.7 (−2.4,–1.0);p<0.001 |
| BP <140/90 mm Hg (%) | 53.0% | 78.2% | 25.3% (21.7%, 28.9%); p<0.001 | 47.0% | 72.4% | 25.4% (19.3%, 31.5%); p<0.001 |
| Total cholesterol <5 mmol/L (<4 mmol/L in patients with diabetes) (%) | 39.4% | 63.4% | 24.3% (20.8%, 27.8%); p<0.001 | 43.1% | 61.7% | 18.6% (12.2%, 25.1%); p<0.001 |
| LDL-Cholesterol <3 mmol/L (<2 mmol/L in patients with diabetes) (%) | 38.0% | 62.0% | 23.3% (19.8%, 26.9%); p<0.001 | 41.8% | 61.8% | 19.9% (13.6%, 26.3%); p<0.001 |
| HbA1c mmol/mol mean (SD)* | 54.1 (14.1) | 52.7 (11.0) | −1.3 (-3.2, 0.4); p=0.15 | 54.4 (13.1) | 55.4 (16.4) | 0.9 (−5.1, 6.9); p=0.75 |
| Antiplatelet therapy (%) | 15.1% | 15.7% | 0.6% (−0.5%, 1.7%); p=0.31 | 16.8% | 18.7% | 1.9% (−0.7%, 4.4%); p=0.17 |
| Statins (%) | 41.6% | 60.5% | 18.9% (16.2%, 21.6%); p<0.001 | 43.1% | 64.2% | 21.1% (16.3%, 26.0%); p<0.001 |
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs (%) | 35.8% | 41.7% | 6.0% (4.1%, 7.8%); p<0.001 | 32.5% | 38.2% | 5.6% (2.6%, 8.7%); p<0.001 |
| Beta blockers (%) | 12.3% | 12.2% | 0.1% (−1.2%, 1.0%); p=1.00 | 11.8% | 11.0% | −0.8% (−3.2%, 1.6%); p=0.63 |
| Calcium channel blockers (%) | 26.4% | 30.7% | 4.3% (2.4%, 6.2%); p<0.001 | 25.7% | 30.5% | 4.8% (1.7%, 7.9%); p=0.001 |
| Diuretics (%) | 22.3% | 25.1% | 2.8% (0.8%, 4.7%); p=0.004 | 22.0% | 26.3% | 4.2% (0.4%, 8.1%); p=0.03 |
| HADS-Anxiety median (IQR) | 5 (2, 8) | 5 (2, 7) | 0 (0, 0); p=0.002 | 5 (2, 8) | 4 (2, 7) | 0 (−1, 0); p=0.008 |
| % HADS-Anxiety>8 | 29.3 | 22.9 | 6.4% (−10.7%, −2.0%); p=0.004 | 25.4 | 23.9 | −1.5% (−7.7%, 4.7%); p=0.73 |
| HADS-Depression median (IQR) | 3 (1, 6) | 2 (1, 5) | 0 (−1, 0); p<0.001 | 3 (1, 6) | 3 (1, 5) | 0 (0, 0); p=0.02 |
| % HADS-Depression>8 | 14.0 | 10.7 | −3.3% (−6.5%, −0.1%); p=0.04 | 12.6 | 10.1 | −2.5% (−6.8%, 1.8%); p=0.30 |
| EQ-VAS median (IQR) | 70 (60, 80) | 80 (70, 85) | 5 (2, 5); p<0.001 | 70 (60, 80) | 75 (65, 87) | 5 (2, 7); p<0.001 |
| Dartmouth COOP median (IQR) | 20 (17, 24) | 18 (15, 22) | −1 (−2, –1); p<0.001 | 21 (17, 24) | 19 (16, 24) | −1 (−1, 0); p=0.01 |
*In those with known diabetes or newly diagnosed diabetes at the initial assessment
†In those with BMI > 25 kg/m2 at IA
ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; EOP, end of programme; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; IA, initial assessment; EQ-VAS, Euroqol Visual Analogue Scale.