Parameter | All | BMI <18.5 kg/m² | BMI 18.5–25 kg/m² | BMI 25–30 kg/m² | BMI >30 kg/m² | p Value |
n | 3086 | 191 (6.2%) | 1576 (51.1%) | 869 (28.2%) | 450 (14.6%) | |
Age | 32.6 (23.9–44.7) | 24.7 (19.8–32.0) | 30.8 (23.0–41.5) | 35.1 (26.4–48.1) | 41.1 (27.8–50.5) | <0.0001 |
Gender (% female) | 47.7 | 55.0 | 49.8 | 38.9 | 54.0 | <0.0001 |
Height (cm) | 170.0 (162.5–178.0) | 168.0 (159.0–176.0) | 170.0 (163.0–178.0) | 172.0 (164.0–179.0) | 168.0 (160.0–175.0) | <0.0001 |
Weight (kg) | 70.0 (60.0–82.0) | 48.4 (43.9–53.0) | 63.8 (57.0–70.0) | 79.0 (71.7–86.8) | 94.6 (85.5–104.5) | <0.0001 |
Cyanosis (%) | 6.9 | 13.1 | 8.3 | 4.5 | 4.0 | <0.0001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 118 (110–128) | 110 (100–116) | 115 (105–124) | 120 (110–130) | 125 (115–136) | <0.0001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 75 (68–80) | 70 (62–78) | 70 (65–80) | 78 (70–80) | 80 (70–85) | <0.0001 |
Complexity | ||||||
Simple defect | 33.3% | 27.4% | 30.8% | 36.4% | 38.6% | <0.0001 |
Medium complexity | 43.6% | 38.7% | 42.8% | 45.2% | 45.4% | |
Complex disease | 23.1% | 33.9% | 26.4% | 18.5% | 15.9% | |
Diagnoses | ||||||
ASD | 7.7% | 7.9% | 6.5% | 8.4% | 10.0% | <0.0001 |
VSD | 6.1% | 5.2% | 6.6% | 5.5% | 6.0% | |
PDA | 0.6% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.9% | 0.2% | |
Valve/outflow tract disease | 17.7% | 13.6% | 15.8% | 20.3% | 21.1% | |
Coarctation | 10.0% | 6.8% | 10.0% | 10.6% | 10.2% | |
AVSD | 3.2% | 2.1% | 3.2% | 3.2% | 4.0% | |
Tetralogy of Fallot | 22.4% | 21.5% | 21.5% | 23.7% | 23.1% | |
TGA atrial switch | 4.3% | 3.1% | 4.1% | 4.7% | 4.9% | |
TGA arterial switch | 3.2% | 4.7% | 3.7% | 2.2% | 2.4% | |
Congenitally corrected TGA | 2.9% | 2.1% | 3.0% | 3.1% | 2.2% | |
Ebstein anomaly | 3.5% | 1.6% | 3.5% | 4.1% | 3.1% | |
Complex | 6.4% | 8.9% | 8.0% | 4.4% | 3.3% | |
Fontan palliation | 4.3% | 8.4% | 5.2% | 2.9% | 2.2% | |
Eisenmenger physiology | 3.4% | 8.9% | 4.1% | 1.7% | 2.0% | |
Other | 4.4% | 4.7% | 4.2% | 4.3% | 5.1% | |
NYHA class | ||||||
Class I | 64.8% | 53.7% | 66.2% | 66.4% | 61.7% | <0.0001 |
Class II | 30.0% | 38.2% | 28.6% | 29.5% | 32.0% | |
Class III | 5.1% | 7.4% | 5.1% | 4.1% | 6.3% | |
Class IV | 0.9% | 0.7% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | |
Exercise testing | ||||||
peak VO2 (mL/min) | 1763 (1272–2321) | 1195 (846 - 1788) | 1705 (1248–2264) | 1919 (1416–2490) | 1847 (1388–2373) | <0.0001 |
peak VO2 (mL/kg/min) | 25.0 (18.7–31.8) | 24.9 (18.2–33.8) | 27.3 (20.5–33.9) | 24.6 (18.9–30.2) | 19.8 (15.5–24.0) | <0.0001 |
% predicted peak VO2 (%) | 73.0 (57.5–87.8) | 62.8 (46.0–79.4) | 73.7 (57.5–89.0) | 72.7 (59.2–86.8) | 74.9 (59.8–89.9) | <0.0001 |
VE/VCO2 slope | 31.0 (27.0–35.5) | 32.3 (28.0–42.0) | 31.0 (27.0–37.0) | 30.0 (27.0–34.0) | 30.0 (27.0–34.0) | <0.0001 |
Peak heart rate (bpm) | 166 (140–180) | 165 (133–182) | 169 (144–184) | 166 (142–181) | 155 (130–176) | <0.0001 |
p Values refer to differences between the groups.
ASD, atrial septal defect; AVSD, atrioventricular septal defect; BMI, body mass index (kg/m²); NYHA, New York Heart Association; PDA, patent arterial duct; peak VO2, peak oxygen uptake; TGA, transposition of the great arteries; VSD, ventricular septal defect.