Health-related quality of life in moderate-to-advanced chronic kidney disease: a linear regression model derived from Study of Heart and Renal Protection data
| Participant's characteristics | Effect on quality of life, as measured by EQ-5D utility (95% CI) | |
| Intercept* | 0.86 (0.84 to 0.88) | |
| Sex | Male | 0.06 (0.05 to 0.07) |
| Ethnicity/country (ref: white) | Asian (China) | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.04) |
| Asian (other country) | 0.06 (0.04 to 0.08) | |
| Black | −0.04 (−0.08 to -0.01) | |
| Other | −0.02 (−0.06 to 0.01) | |
| Smoker (ref: never) | Former | −0.01 (−0.02 to 0.00) |
| Current | −0.04 (−0.06 to -0.02) | |
| Education level (ref: A-levels or above) | Secondary/vocational | −0.02 (−0.03 to 0.00) |
| Below secondary | −0.04 (−0.05 to -0.02) | |
| Missing | −0.03 (−0.05 to -0.01) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 (ref:≥25,<30) | <25 | 0.01 (0.00 to 0.02) |
| ≥30 | −0.04 (−0.06 to -0.03) | |
| Previous failed kidney transplant | Yes | −0.07 (−0.11 to -0.03) |
| Diabetic nephropathy | Yes | −0.06 (−0.08 to -0.04) |
| Participant's characteristics during the study | ||
| Age (centred at 60 years) | Per 10 years older | −0.05 (−0.05 to -0.04) |
| Previous (most recent) MVE (ref: no MVE within trial, no baseline vascular disease) | No MVE within trial, with baseline vascular disease | −0.07 (−0.09 to -0.05) |
| MVE within trial, last year | −0.17 (−0.21 to -0.14) | |
| MVE within trial,>1 years ago | −0.10 (−0.13 to -0.08) | |
| Being on dialysis | Yes | −0.06 (−0.07 to -0.04) |
*The intercept term corresponds to the quality of life (ie, EQ-5D utility) of a 60-year-old white female with CKD but not on dialysis, non-smoker, with education level of A-levels or above (or equivalent), BMI ≥25 <30 kg/m2, without previously failed transplant, without diabetic nephropathy and without history of vascular disease.
BMI, body mass index; MVE, major vascular event.