Baseline characteristics of study participants
| Characteristics | AF (n=31) | Non-AF (n=715) | p Value |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Age, years | 74.5±5.6 | 67.7±7.7 | <0.01 |
| BMI | 23.2±3.5 | 21.7±3.1 | 0.01 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 5 (16.1) | 93 (13.0) | 0.61 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 23 (74.2) | 361 (50.4) | 0.01 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 24 (63.0) | 483 (67.6) | 0.25 |
| Metabolic syndrome risk factors | |||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 86±10 | 81±9 | 0.03 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm H2O) | 126±14 | 121±15 | 0.72 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm H2O) | 75±8 | 73±9 | 0.26 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 95±33 | 94±49 | 0.97 |
| High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 71±17 | 71±17 | 0.91 |
| Fast plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 101±15 | 99±16 | 0.55 |
| Other cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 128±28 | 131±29 | 0.54 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.5±0.5 | 5.4±0.5 | 0.70 |
| UA, mg/dL | 5.7±1.4 | 4.9±1.1 | <0.01 |
| Serum albumin; Alb, g/L | 4.6±0.2 | 4.6±0.3 | 0.91 |
| Haemoglobin concentration, g/L | 13.6±1.0 | 13.2±1.0 | 0.03 |
| Ccr, mL/min | 78.4±15.9 | 77.3±16.7 | 0.71 |
| %VC | 93.0±3.0 | 102.0±17.3 | <0.01 |
| FEV 1.0% | 78.8±8.8 | 79.4±6.7 | 0.59 |
| Echocardiographic findings | |||
| Left atrial diameter (mm) | 40.2±6.4 | 32.5±5.0 | <0.01 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 68.8±4.3 | 69.2±6.2 | 0.72 |
AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; Ccr, creatinine clearance; FEV, forced expiratory volume; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; UA, uric acid; VC, vital capacity.