Mean resource use and cost (UK £ 2013–14) per patient by trial arm from hospital discharge to 12 month follow-up
| Resource use/cost category | Mean resource use (SD) or n (%) of patients receiving resource | Mean difference in resource use (95% CI, p value) | Mean cost (SD) | Mean difference in costs (95% CI, p value) | ||
| SIMA (n=1554) | BIMA (n=1548) | BIMA vs SIMA | SIMA (n=1554) | BIMA (n=1548) | BIMA vs SIMA | |
| At hospital discharge, n (%) | ||||||
| Home | 1320 (85.0) | 1311 (84.7) | −0.2 (−2.8, 2.3; 0.853) | − | − | − |
| Transferred to local hospital | 157 (10.1) | 158 (10.2) | 0.1 (−2.0, 2.2; 0.915) | 189 (563) | 198 (588) | 10 (−31, 50; 0.644) |
| Transferred to nursing home | 6 (0.4) | 5 (0.3) | −0.1 (−0.5, 0.4; 0.768) | 221 (3558) | 185 (3255) | −36 (−276, 204; 0.768) |
| Transferred to other institution | 56 (3.6) | 56 (3.6) | −0.0 (−1.3, 1.3; 0.986) | 101 (524) | 101 (523) | 0 (−37, 37; 0.986) |
| Referral for cardiac rehabilitation | 1208 (77.7) | 1228 (79.3) | 1.6 (−1.3, 4.5; 0.273) | − | − | − |
| Sternal wound problems to 6 weeks*, n (%) | ||||||
| Treatment with antibiotics | 16 (1.0) | 30 (1.9) | 0.9 (0.1, 1.7; 0.036) | 1 (12) | 2 (14) | 0 (0, 1; 0.294) |
| Treatment with debridement | 10 (0.6) | 22 (1.4) | 0.8 (0.1, 1.5; 0.032) | 15 (191) | 35 (301) | 20 (2, 38; 0.026) |
| Treatment with VAC dressing | 10 (0.6) | 17 (1.1) | 0.4 (−0.2, 1.1; 0.173) | 2 (23) | 3 (30) | 1 (−1, 3; 0.173) |
| Treatment with reconstruction | 4 (0.3) | 11 (0.7) | 0.4 (−0.1, 0.9; 0.069) | 12 (241) | 34 (400) | 22 (−2, 45; 0.069) |
| Total cost of sternal wound problems | − | − | − | 103 (1045) | 246 (1976) | 143 (32, 254; 0.012) |
| Mean number of medications (SD) | 3.3 (1.1) | 3.3 (1.1) | 0.0 (−0.1, 0.1; 0.960) | 56 (73) | 59 (73) | 3 (−3, 8; 0.372) |
| Healthcare contacts discharge to 12 months | ||||||
| GP visits | 6.5 (5.0) | 6.3 (5.2) | −0.2 (−0.5, 0.2; 0.328) | 298 (231) | 290 (240) | −8 (−25, 8; 0.328) |
| Nurse visits | 3.1 (8.2) | 3.4 (8.2) | 0.3 (−0.3, 0.8; 0.357) | 43 (112) | 47 (112) | 4 (−4, 12; 0.357) |
| Outpatient clinic visits | 1.9 (2.2) | 2.4 (7.5) | 0.5 (0.1, 0.9; 0.015) | 252 (293) | 316 (987) | 64 (13,115; 0.015) |
| Cardiac rehabilitation visits | 5.1 (8.9) | 5.2 (8.7) | 0.1 (−0.5, 0.7; 0.717) | 383 (541) | 391 (532) | 8 (−30, 47; 0.667) |
| Hospital admissions | 0.3 (0.8) | 0.3 (0.8) | 0.0 (−0.1, 0.1; 0.594) | − | − | − |
| Number of nights in hospital | 2.6 (8.9) | 3.1 (11.5) | 0.5 (−0.3, 1.2; 0.208) | 685 (2356) | 812 (3038) | 127 (−71, 325; 0.208) |
| SAE treatment from discharge to 12 months, n (%) | ||||||
| Myocardial infarction | 10 (0.6) | 9 (0.6) | −0.1 (−0.6, 0.5; 0.825) | 13 (171) | 11 (152) | −3 (−14, 9; 0.665) |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 13 (0.8) | 8 (0.5) | −0.3 (−0.9, 0.3; 0.278) | 22 (267) | 12 (190) | −11 (−27, 6; 0.200) |
| Further CABG | − | 1 (0.1) | 0.1 (−0.1, 0.2; 0.316) | − | 5 (206) | 5 (−5, 15; 0.316) |
| Further PTCA | 22 (1.4) | 19 (1.2) | −0.2 (−1.0, 0.6; 0.646) | 53 (463) | 41 (392) | −11 (−41, 19; 0.469) |
| Revascularisation with catheter | 3 (0.2) | 8 (0.5) | 0.3 (−0.1, 0.7; 0.129) | 4 (97) | 15 (223) | 11 (−1, 24; 0.063) |
| Major bleed | 5 (0.3) | 6 (0.4) | 0.1 (−0.3, 0.5; 0.758) | 27 (487) | 36 (643) | 8 (−32, 48; 0.686) |
| Other AEs (cost of hospital stay only) | 276 (17.8) | 254 (16.4) | −1.3 (−4.0, 1.3; 0.317) | 405 (2219) | 450 (2752) | 45 (−131, 221; 0.614) |
| Death (cost of hospital stay only) | 21 (1.3) | 20 (1.3) | −0.1 (−0.9, 0.7; 0.885) | 51 (999) | 23 (647) | −28(−87, 31; 0.357) |
| Total costs from discharge to 12 months | − | − | − | 2906 (6203) | 3238 (7118) | 332(−141, 805; 0.169) |
| Total overall costs at 12 months | − | − | − | 12 717 (9719) | 13 839 (10534) | 1122 (407, 1838; 0.002) |
*Categories are not mutually exclusive (for example a patient receiving antibiotics and a VAC dressing would appear under both headings).
AEs, adverse events; BIMA, bilateral internal mammary arteries; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft surgery; GP, general practitioner; PTCA, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; SAE, serious adverse event; SIMA, single internal mammary artery; VAC, vacuum assisted closure.