Patient demographics and imaging study characteristics
| Characteristic (n=1474) | |
| Race, Caucasian | 1464 (99.3%) |
| Sex, male | 719 (48.8%) |
| Age (years) | 57.2±8.8 |
| Genetic predisposition* | 557 (37.8%) |
| Body mass index (kg/m²) | 26.7±4.1 |
| Abdominal circumference (cm) | 93.0±12.6 |
| Blood pressure | |
| Systolic | 138±19 |
| Diastolic | 83±11 |
| Heart rate† | 65±11 |
| Smoking | |
| Never | 703 (47.7%) |
| Former | 538 (36.5%) |
| Active | 233 (15.8%) |
| Diabetes | 79 (5.4%) |
| Symptoms (n=1474) | |
| Typical chest pain | 410 (27.8%) |
| Atypical chest pain | 495 (33.6%) |
| Non-specific | 569 (38.6%) |
| CCS Functional Classification of Angina ≥2 | |
| 1 (angina only with strenuous exertion) | 1054 (71.5%) |
| ≥2 (angina with moderate or severe exertion) | 113 (7.7%) |
| Updated Diamond-Forrester score | 39% (20%–54%) |
| Risk groups according to updated Diamond-Forrester score | |
| Low risk (<15%) | 210 (14.2%) |
| Moderate risk (≥15% and 85%) | 1229 (83.4%) |
| High risk (≥85%) | 35 (2.4%) |
| Echo (n=1474) | |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction | 59.9%±3.4 |
| Cardiac valve disease, any | 71 (4.8%) |
| Aorta insufficiency (mild to moderate) | 36 (2.4%) |
| Other systolic valve disease (mild to moderate) | 35 (2.4%) |
| Coronary artery calcium score (CACS) (n=1474) | |
| Median | 0 (0–80) |
| Coronary artery calcium score groups | |
| None (=0) | 753 (51.1%) |
| Low/moderate (1–399) | 567 (38.5%) |
| High (≥400) | 154 (10.4%) |
| Cardiac CT angiography‡ (n=1470) | |
| Coronary artery disease severity | |
| Non (stenosis 0% and CACS=0) | 702 (47.8%) |
| Mild (stenosis 0%–29%) | 306 (20.8%) |
| Moderate (stenosis 30%–49%) | 112 (7.6%) |
| Severe (stenosis 50%–100%) | 350 (23.8%) |
| Invasive coronary angiography (QCA, anatomic disease)‡ (n=325) | |
| Coronary artery disease severity | |
| Mild stenosis (0%–29%) | 74 (5.1%) |
| Moderate stenosis (30%–49%) | 98 (6.8%) |
| Severe stenosis (50%–100%, anatomically obstructive stenosis) | 153 (10.6%) |
| Vessel disease | |
| Left main coronary artery | 7 (0.05%) |
| Left anterior descending coronary artery | 96 (6.6%) |
| Left circumflex coronary artery | 53 (3.7%) |
| Right coronary artery | 67 (4.6%) |
| Coronary vessel disease | |
| One-vessel disease | 94 (6.5%) |
| Two-vessel disease | 42 (2.9%) |
| Three-vessel disease or LM disease | 17 (1.2%) |
| Invasive coronary angiography (FFR, haemodynamic disease)‡ (n=325) | |
| Coronary artery disease severity | |
| Non-severe stenosis (FFR>0.8 or diameter stenosis<30%) | 180 (12.4%) |
| Severe stenosis (FFR<0.8), haemodynamically obstructive stenosis | 145 (10.0%) |
| Vessel disease | |
| Left main coronary artery | 7 (0.05%) |
| Left anterior descending coronary artery | 117 (8.1%) |
| Left circumflex coronary artery | 41 (2.8%) |
| Right coronary artery | 55 (3.8%) |
| Coronary vessel disease | |
| One-vessel disease | 88 (6.1%) |
| Two-vessel disease | 39 (2.7%) |
| Three-vessel disease or left main coronary artery disease | 18 (1.2%) |
Values are n (%) or mean±SD or median (IQR).
*Coronary artery disease among first-degree relatives aged less than 60 years.
†Mean heart rate at the time of CAD-score measurement was 54±7 bpm and at the time of CTA was 56±7 bpm.
‡Cardiac CTA data were missing in four patients and ICA data were missing in 25 patients with an indication to ICA due to severe CAD at cardiac CTA.
CAD, coronary artery disease; CCS, Canadian Cardiovascular Society; CTA, CT angiography; FFR, fractional flow reserve; ICA, Invasive coronary angiography; QCA, quantitative coronary angiography.