Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the study participants according to BAV morphotype

Variable All patients
n=852
BAV-RL
n=590
(72.9%)
BAV-RN
n=195
(24.1%)
BAV-LN
n=24
(3.0%)
p Value
Demographics and clinical data
 Age, years 47.4±16.847.6±17.146.4±16.149.6±15.60.425
 Male, n (%)598 (70.2)425 (72.0)132 (67.7)16 (66.6)0.423
 BSA, kg/m2 1.85±0.21.86±0.11.83±0.21.85±0.20.075
 Smoking, n (%)239 (28.1)167 (28.3)65 (33.3)5 (20.8)0.235
 Hypertension, n (%)260 (30.1)194 (32.9)56 (28.7)8 (33.3)0.201
 Diabetes mellitus, n (%)44 (5.2)27 (4.6)14 (7.2)2 (8.3)0.196
 Dyslipidaemia, n (%)185 (21.7)132 (22.4)43 (22.1)8 (33.3)0.921
Valve abnormality and dysfunction
 Raphe, n (%)644 (75.6)467 (79.2)146 (74.9)20 (83.3)0.066
 Sigmoid prolapse, n (%)110 (12.9)62 (10.5)43 (22.1)*4 (16.7)0.0001
 Valve calcification, n (%)210 (24.6)137 (23.2)62 (31.8)***9 (37.5)0.022
 Normofunctional, n (%)467 (54.8)327 (55.4)***93 (47.7)12 (50.0)0.015
 AS, n (%)184 (21.6)117 (19.8)58 (29.7)**6 (25.0)0.004
 AR, n (%)201 (23.6)146 (24.8)44 (22.6)6 (25.0)0.534
Aortic diameter, dilation and morphotype
 Aortic annulus, mm23.3±3.323.4±3.323.1±3.222.5±4.30.246
 Aortic root, mm36.7±5.737.5±5.6*34.3±5.338.9±6.80.0001
 STJ, mm30.5±6.430.9±6.4**29.0±6.131.4±8.80.0001
 Ascending aorta, mm40.6±7.641.2±7.639.9±7.440.1±7.50.052
 Aortic arch, mm31.6±5.530.9±5.133.3±6.3*33.9±5.90.0001
 Aortic dilation663 (79.8)486 (83.1)**145 (74.4)19 (79.2)0.037
 Root dilation phenotype122 (14.7)101 (17.1)*10 (5.1)7 (29.2)0.001
 Ascending aorta dilation phenotype541 (65.1)385 (65.3)135 (69.2)12 (50)0.131
  • *BAV-RL versus BAV-RN: *p<0.001; **p<0.01; ***p<0.05.

  • AR, aortic regurgitation; AS, aortic stenosis; BAV, bicuspid aortic valve

  • BSA, body surface area; LN, left coronary and non-coronary; RL, right and left; RN, right coronary and non-coronary; STJ, sinotubular junction.