Characteristic | Year | |||||||||
2002 (n=803, 7.1 %) | 2003 (n=1020, 9.1 %) | 2004 (n=984, 8.8 %) | 2005 (n=942, 8.4 %) | 2006 (n=921, 8.2 %) | 2007 (n=1124 100.0 %) | 2008 (n=1997, 17.8 %) | 2009 (n=1875, 16.7 %) | 2010 (n=1573, 14.0 %) |
Total (n=11 239) | |
Study site | ||||||||||
Baylor* | 743 (92.5%) | 680 (66.6%) | 518 (52.6%) | 486 (51.6%) | 442 (47.9%) | 562 (50.0%) | 694 (34.8%) | 661 (35.2%) | 640 (40.7%) | 5426 (48.3%) |
Emory | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 117 (10.4) | 837 (41.9) | 772 (41.2) | 572 (36.4) | 2300 (20.5) |
University of Virginia | 60 (7.5%) | 269 (26.4%) | 261 (26.5%) | 271 (28.8%) | 301 (32.7%) | 245 (21.8%) | 224 (11.2%) | 199 (10.6%) | 209 (13.3%) | 2039 (18.1%) |
Washington University | NA | 71 (7.0%) | 205 (20.8%) | 185 (19.6%) | 178 (19.3%) | 200 (17.8%) | 242 (12.1%) | 243 (13.0%) | 152 (9.7%) | 1476 (13.1%) |
Age (years)† | 63.7±10.5 | 63.3±10.4 | 63.0±10.7 | 63.1±11.1 | 63.3±10.9 | 63.3±10.9 | 62.8±10.6 | 63.1±10.6 | 63.1±10.4 | 63.1±10.6 |
Body mass index (kg/m2)† | 29.2±6.3 | 29.2±5.9 | 29.3±5.9 | 29.5±5.8 | 29.5±5.6 | 29.3±5.7 | 29.5±6.5 | 29.7±5.9 | 29.7±7.1 | 29.5±6.2 |
Male | 73.4% | 71.7% | 73.7% | 74.6% | 71.8% | 75.6% | 73.8% | 72.4% | 73.1% | |
Female | 26.6% | 28.3% | 26.3% | 25.4% | 28.2% | 25.4% | 26.2% | 27.6% | 26.9% | 26.8% |
Race | ||||||||||
White | 83.3% | 82.6% | 82.2% | 82.3% | 84.6% | 80.5% | 78.5% | 75.8% | 75.4% | 79.7% |
Black | 8.6% | 8.8% | 11.1% | 10.2% | 8.3% | 11.0% | 15.0% | 16.4% | 16.2% | 12.7% |
Hispanic | 4.7% | 4.8% | 4.2% | 4.2% | 4.9% | 4.5% | 2.7% | 2.8 % | 3.6% | 3.8% |
Asian | 1.2% | 1.5% | 0.8% | 1.0% | 0.4% | 1.4% | 1.5% | 3.5% | 2.5% | 1.8% |
Other | 2.2% | 2.3% | 1.7% | 2.3% | 1.8% | 2.6% | 2.3% | 1.5% | 2.3% | 2.0% |
Diabetes mellitus | 34.9% | 38.4% | 36.9% | 40.0% | 38.6% | 41.6% | 40.4% | 42.0% | 45.2% | 40.4% |
Renal failure | 2.6 | 3.5% | 3.5% | 1.5% | 2.6% | 2.7% | 2.6% | 3.1% | 3.7% | 2.9% |
Creatinine (mg/dL)† | 1.2±1.2 | 1.2±1.3 | 1.3±1.3 | 1.2±1.0 | 1.2±1.0 | 1.2±1.1 | 1.2±1.1 | 1.2±1.2 | 1.3±1.3 | 1.2±1.2 |
Chronic lung disease | 14.3% | 15.6% | 19.0% | 22.3% | 20.3% | 20.1% | 21.8% | 20.4% | 20.6% | 19.8% |
Systemic hypertension | 74.9% | 78.9% | 81.3% | 81.9% | 82.5% | 84.6% | 87.4% | 89.3% | 90.5% | 84.8% |
Peripheral vascular disease | 17.9% | 18.8% | 16.9% | 20.0% | 24.6% | 18.1% | 18.3% | 19.5% | 18.9% | 19.1% |
Cerebrovascular disease | 14.6% | 17.5% | 16.5% | 17.0% | 15.2% | 16.9% | 16.1% | 18.8% | 17.6% | 16.9% |
Current smoker | 27.9% | 26.3% | 28.2% | 28.8% | 28.8% | 30.7% | 28.1% | 27.2% | 26.1% | 27.9% |
Time from last myocardial infarction to surgery (hours) | ||||||||||
None | 51.4% | 55.2% | 55.2% | 53.6% | 57.6% | 53.1% | 55.9% | 53.3% | 52.9% | 54.3% |
≤6 | 0.5% | 0.7% | 1.3% | 1.4% | 0.8% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.8% | 0.8% |
>6 but <24 | 1.5% | 3.8% | 3.7% | 2.1% | 1.7% | 2.4% | 1.7% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 2.3% |
≥24 | 46.6% | 40.3% % | 39.8% | 42.9% | 39.9% | 43.8% | 41.7% | 43.8% | 44.2% | 42.6% |
Previous PCI | 26.2% | 26.4% | 23.3% | 25.1% | 27.0% | 29.8% | 29.5% | 30.9% | 32.3% | 28.6% |
Previous coronary bypass | 7.0% | 5.6% | 5.6% | 6.2% | 4.6% | 5.1% | 4.0% | 3.5% | 3.8% | 4.9% |
Previous valve surgery/procedure | 2.6% | 2.9% | 2.4% | 3.0% | 2.1% | 2.7% | 2.8% | 3.8% | 2.9% | 2.9% |
Preoperative angina pectoris | 74.4% | 69.9% | 69.7 | 71.7 | 65.4 | 63.9 | 61.8% | 60.9% | 60.3% | 65.0% |
Congestive heart failure | 18.1% | 18.6% | 23.4% | 35.9% | 27.9% | 22.0% | 21.5% | 19.0% | 21.3% | 22.5% |
Preoperative ejection fraction (%)† | 47.4±14.2 | 48.2±13.9 | 47.4±13.3 | 48.6±13.5 | 48.2±14.0 | 49.8±13.7 | 49.8±13.2 | 49.7±13.1 | 50.6±12.9 | 49.2±13.4 |
Left main disease | 25.2% | 22.4% | 22.5% | 21.9% | 20. 1% | 24.5% | 26.1% | 27.7% | 27.5% | 24.8% |
Preoperative IABP | 26.1% | 15.0% | 15.1% | 15.3% | 15.6% | 11.7% | 12.6% | 10.3% | 9.9% | 13.6% |
Operation | ||||||||||
Elective | 81.3% | 69.2% | 75.2% | 63.6% | 52.6% | 58.6% | 56.5% | 53.4% | 52.6% | 60.5% |
On-pump | 95.7% | 77.9% | 72.1% | 84.5% | 91.7% | 71.1% | 48.3% | 45.9% | 55.3% | 71.2% |
*Two Baylor sites participated in the study: one academic medical centre and one high-volume specialty cardiac hospital.
†Mean ±SD.
IABP, intra aortic balloon pump; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.
Bold values represent the overall totals combining all study years (i.e. the cumulative totals of columns 2002-2010) .