Adjusted hazard ratios (HR, 95% CI) for CVD, CHD and stroke associated with women’s reproductive factors
| CVD | CHD | Stroke | ||||
| No. events | HR (95% CI) | No. events | HR (95% CI) | No. events | HR (95% CI) | |
| Parous vs not | 1.08 (0.98 to 1.20) | 1.21 (1.05 to 1.40) | 0.97 (0.84 to 1.11) | |||
| Number of children | ||||||
| 0 | 452 | 1.00 (0.91 to 1.10) | 216 | 1.00 (0.87 to 1.15) | 245 | 1.00 (0.88 to 1.14) |
| 1 | 398 | 1.09 (0.98 to 1.20) | 225 | 1.25 (1.10 to 1.43) | 181 | 0.94 (0.81 to 1.09) |
| 2 | 1310 | 1.05 (0.99 to 1.11) | 683 | 1.15 (1.06 to 1.24) | 654 | 0.97 (0.89 to 1.05) |
| 3 | 610 | 1.09 (1.01 to 1.18) | 335 | 1.24 (1.11 to 1.38) | 286 | 0.95 (0.85 to 1.07) |
| ≥4 | 290 | 1.21 (1.08 to 1.36) | 166 | 1.41 (1.21 to 1.65) | 132 | 1.04 (0.87 to 1.24) |
| Each child | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06) | 1.06 (1.02 to 1.10) | 1.01 (0.96 to 1.05) | |||
| Age at first live birth | ||||||
| <21 | 576 | 1.00 (0.92 to 1.09) | 336 | 1.00 (0.89 to 1.12) | 257 | 1.00 (0.88 to 1.14) |
| 21–22 | 423 | 0.82 (0.74 to 0.90) | 233 | 0.79 (0.69 to 0.90) | 199 | 0.85 (0.74 to 0.98) |
| 23–24 | 467 | 0.84 (0.77 to 0.92) | 250 | 0.79 (0.70 to 0.90) | 226 | 0.89 (0.78 to 1.01) |
| 25–26 | 400 | 0.76 (0.69 to 0.84) | 219 | 0.74 (0.64 to 0.84) | 188 | 0.78 (0.68 to 0.91) |
| 27–29 | 401 | 0.69 (0.62 to 0.76) | 201 | 0.62 (0.53 to 0.71) | 206 | 0.77 (0.67 to 0.89) |
| ≥29 | 339 | 0.63 (0.56 to 0.70) | 169 | 0.55 (0.47 to 0.64) | 176 | 0.72 (0.62 to 0.83) |
| Each year | 0.97 (0.96 to 0.98) | 0.96 (0.95 to 0.97) | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.99) | |||
| History of miscarriage vs not | 1.07 (0.98 to 1.17) | 1.14 (1.01 to 1.29) | 0.98 (0.86 to 1.12) | |||
| Number of miscarriages | ||||||
| 0 | 1965 | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.05) | 1045 | 1.00 (0.94 to 1.06) | 963 | 1.00 (0.94 to 1.07) |
| 1 | 449 | 1.03 (0.94 to 1.13) | 253 | 1.09 (0.97 to 1.24) | 201 | 0.94 (0.82 to 1.09) |
| ≥2 | 203 | 1.17 (1.02 to 1.34) | 118 | 1.26 (1.05 to 1.51) | 89 | 1.06 (0.86 to 1.31) |
| Each miscarriage | 1.04 (1.00 to 1.09) | 1.06 (1.00 to 1.13) | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.09) | |||
| History of stillbirth vs not | 1.22 (1.01 to 1.46) | 0.98 (0.74 to 1.28) | 1.44 (1.12 to 1.85) | |||
| Number of stillbirths | ||||||
| 0 | 2496 | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.04) | 1360 | 1.00 (0.94 to 1.06) | 1188 | 1.00 (0.94 to 1.06) |
| 1 | 101 | 1.18 (0.97 to 1.43) | 45 | 0.94 (0.70 to 1.26) | 57 | 1.40 (1.08 to 1.83) |
| ≥2 | 21 | 1.46 (0.93 to 2.29) | 11 | 1.22 (0.63 to 2.34) | 10 | 1.66 (0.89 to 3.08) |
| Each stillbirth | 1.14 (1.02 to 1.28) | 1.03 (0.85 to 1.24) | 1.21 (1.05 to 1.40) | |||
| Hysterectomy vs not | 797 | 1.12 (1.03 to 1.22) | 452 | 1.19 (1.07 to 1.33) | 366 | 1.05 (0.93 to 1.18) |
| Each year | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.99) | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.99) | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.99) | |||
| Oophorectomy vs not | 312 | 1.00 (0.89 to 1.13) | 165 | 0.98 (0.83 to 1.16) | 159 | 1.07 (0.90 to 1.26) |
| Each year | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.98) | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) | |||
Hazard ratios are adjusted for age, Townsend deprivation index, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes and body mass index.
CHD, coronary heart disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease.