Associations of egg consumption with mortality from cardiovascular disease among 4 61 213 participants
Endpoints | Egg consumption | P for linear trend* | HR for 1 egg/week† | ||||
Never/rarely | 1–3 days/month | 1–3 days/week | 4–6 days/week | 7 days/week | |||
PYs | 382 204 | 838 613 | 1 970 423 | 442 564 | 551 465 | ||
CVD | |||||||
Deaths | 1316 | 2234 | 4296 | 935 | 1204 | ||
Deaths/PYs (1/1000) | 3.4 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | ||
Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.80 to 0.91) | 0.78 (0.73 to 0.83) | 0.66 (0.60 to 0.72) | 0.63 (0.58 to 0.69) | <0.001 | 0.87 (0.85 to 0.89) |
Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.98) | 0.87 (0.82 to 0.93) | 0.78 (0.71 to 0.85) | 0.78 (0.71 to 0.84) | <0.001 | 0.93 (0.91 to 0.95) |
Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.98) | 0.88 (0.82 to 0.94) | 0.79 (0.73 to 0.87) | 0.82 (0.75 to 0.89) | <0.001 | 0.94 (0.92 to 0.97) |
IHD | |||||||
Deaths | 395 | 664 | 1462 | 338 | 515 | ||
Deaths/PYs (1/1000) | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | ||
Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.75 to 0.97) | 0.84 (0.75 to 0.94) | 0.72 (0.62 to 0.84) | 0.71 (0.62 to 0.82) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.88 to 0.95) |
Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.79 to 1.02) | 0.93 (0.83 to 1.05) | 0.84 (0.72 to 0.97) | 0.85 (0.74 to 0.97) | 0.019 | 0.96 (0.92 to 0.99) |
Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.79 to 1.02) | 0.94 (0.83 to 1.05) | 0.85 (0.73 to 0.99) | 0.88 (0.77 to 1.02) | 0.131 | 0.97 (0.93 to 1.01) |
Haemorrhagic stroke | |||||||
Deaths | 540 | 842 | 1373 | 365 | 315 | ||
Deaths/PYs (1/1000) | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.6 | ||
Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.72 to 0.89) | 0.69 (0.62 to 0.76) | 0.60 (0.52 to 0.69) | 0.53 (0.46 to 0.62) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.80 to 0.86) |
Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.78 to 0.97) | 0.79 (0.71 to 0.88) | 0.73 (0.63 to 0.84) | 0.67 (0.58 to 0.78) | <0.001 | 0.89 (0.85 to 0.93) |
Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.78 to 0.97) | 0.79 (0.71 to 0.88) | 0.74 (0.65 to 0.86) | 0.72 (0.62 to 0.84) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.87 to 0.95) |
Ischaemic stroke | |||||||
Deaths | 113 | 237 | 437 | 90 | 126 | ||
Deaths/PYs (1/1000) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||
Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.78 to 1.22) | 0.90 (0.72 to 1.11) | 0.82 (0.62 to 1.09) | 0.73 (0.56 to 0.95) | 0.006 | 0.90 (0.84 to 0.97) |
Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.83 to 1.31) | 1.02 (0.82 to 1.27) | 1.00 (0.75 to 1.34) | 0.92 (0.70 to 1.21) | 0.343 | 0.97 (0.90 to 1.04) |
Model 3 | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.83 to 1.31) | 1.02 (0.82 to 1.27) | 1.00 (0.74 to 1.33) | 0.93 (0.71 to 1.22) | 0.388 | 0.97 (0.90 to 1.04) |
Stratified Cox proportional models were used with stratification on survey site and birth cohort (in 5-year intervals). Multivariate models were adjusted for: model 1: age at recruitment (continuous) and sex (men or women); model 2: additionally included education level (no formal school, primary school, middle school, high school, college, or university or higher), household income (<2500, 2500–4999, 5000–9999, 10 000–19 999, 20 000–34 999, or ≥35 000 yuan/year), marital status (married, widowed, divorced or separated, or never married), alcohol consumption (not weekly; ex-regular; not daily; daily consuming 1–15, 15–29, 30–59, or ≥60 g), tobacco smoking (never or occasional; former; current smoking with 1–14, 15–24, or ≥25 cigarettes/day), physical activity in MET-hours/day (continuous), BMI (continuous), waist to hip ratio (continuous), prevalent hypertension (presence or absence), use of aspirin (presence, absence, or unknown), family history of CVD (presence or absence); model 3: additionally included intake of multivitamin supplementation (presence or absence) and dietary pattern (new affluence, traditional northern, or traditional southern).
*Tests for linear trend were conducted by assigning 0, 0.5, 2.0, 5.0, 7.0 to the frequency levels from the lowest to the highest and treating the variable as a continuous variable in the Cox model.
†HR for each one egg increment per week were calculated by using the usual amount in the multivariate Cox models.
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratios; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; MET, metabolic equivalent task; PY, person-years.