Characteristic | Cardiovascular disease* | Coronary heart disease† | Cerebrovascular disease‡ | Atrial fibrillation§ | Heart failure¶ | |||||
% | P value | % | P value | % | P value | % | P value | % | P value | |
Overall | 6.1 | 4.3 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 | |||||
Centre | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.09 | |||||
Bronx | 8.9 | 6.3 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.9 | |||||
Chicago | 5.0 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | |||||
Miami | 6.1 | 4.2 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.7 | |||||
San Diego | 4.4 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1.3 | |||||
Background | <0.01 | 0.13 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.44 | |||||
Dominican | 6.8 | 4.4 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 0.7 | |||||
Central American | 5.5 | 3.6 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 0.5 | |||||
Cuban | 6.6 | 5.1 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.8 | |||||
Mexican | 5.0 | 3.7 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.9 | |||||
Puerto Rican | 10.6 | 6.4 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 1.4 | |||||
South American | 4.9 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 1.1 | |||||
Other/mixed | 3.4 | 3.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.0 | |||||
Age (years) | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.63 | <0.01 | |||||
18–24 | 4.0 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.1 | |||||
25–34 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | |||||
35–44 | 5.7 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.1 | |||||
45–54 | 7.3 | 4.5 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 1.3 | |||||
≥55 | 13.2 | 10.1 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 1.8 | |||||
Gender | 0.05 | <0.01 | 0.91 | 0.51 | 0.28 | |||||
Female | 5.2 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | |||||
Male | 6.9 | 5.2 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.7 | |||||
Residential duration in USA (years) | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.58 | 0.93 | 0.79 | |||||
<10 | 5.1 | 3.4 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.8 | |||||
≥10 | 6.5 | 4.6 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.9 | |||||
Employment status | 0.58 | 0.49 | 0.37 | 0.70 | 0.58 | |||||
Part time (≤35 hours/week) | 5.8 | 3.9 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.9 | |||||
Full time (>35 hours/week) | 6.3 | 4.5 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.8 | |||||
Primary occupation | 0.85 | 0.27 | 0.85 | 0.14 | 0.07 | |||||
Non-skilled worker | 5.9 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.6 | |||||
Service worker | 5.9 | 4.5 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 1.1 | |||||
Skilled worker | 6.0 | 3.9 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 1.1 | |||||
Professional/technical | 5.8 | 3.4 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.4 | |||||
Other | 7.1 | 6.0 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.2 | |||||
Educational attainment | 0.18 | 0.3 | 0.32 | 0.20 | 0.85 | |||||
No high school diploma/GED | 7.0 | 5.1 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.7 | |||||
High school diploma/GED | 5.0 | 3.6 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.9 | |||||
Greater than high school/GED | 6.3 | 4.3 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | |||||
Current health insurance | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.45 | <0.01 | 0.14 | |||||
No | 4.6 | 3.2 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.6 | |||||
Yes | 7.8 | 5.6 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | |||||
SASH language subscale | 0.84 | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0.03 | 0.40 | |||||
1-<3 (low) | 6.2 | 4.5 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.9 | |||||
≥3 (high) | 5.9 | 3.5 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 0.6 | |||||
Physical activity level | 0.03 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.07 | |||||
Low | 5.0 | 3.6 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.9 | |||||
Medium | 7.2 | 4.8 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.0 | |||||
High | 5.5 | 4.2 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.3 | |||||
Alternative healthy eating index | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.64 | 0.04 | 0.66 | |||||
≤43.8 (low) | 6.5 | 4.3 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.9 | |||||
>43.8–50.2 (medium) | 4.7 | 3.3 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.7 | |||||
>50.2 (high) | 7.1 | 5.2 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.9 | |||||
Current alcohol intake | 0.02 | 0.09 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.28 | |||||
None | 6.6 | 4.3 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.1 | |||||
Low/moderate | 5.2 | 3.9 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.7 | |||||
Heavy | 10.2 | 7.4 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 0.4 | |||||
Smoking status | 0.25 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.50 | 0.90 | |||||
Never | 5.7 | 3.6 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | |||||
Former | 6.2 | 5.0 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.0 | |||||
Current | 7.5 | 5.9 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | |||||
Hypertension | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | |||||
No | 4.6 | 3.3 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.6 | |||||
Yes | 13.4 | 9.2 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 2.1 | |||||
Hypercholesterolaemia | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.05 | 0.95 | 0.09 | |||||
No | 5.1 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | |||||
Yes | 7.7 | 6.0 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.1 | |||||
Obese | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.08 | 0.79 | 0.48 | |||||
No | 5.2 | 3.3 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | |||||
Yes | 7.7 | 5.9 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.0 | |||||
Diabetes mellitus | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.09 | <0.01 | |||||
No | 5.3 | 3.7 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |||||
Yes | 13.7 | 9.7 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 3.1 |
*Cardiovascular disease was defined as at least one of the following: coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure or atrial fibrillation; data are expressed as row percentages.
†Coronary heart disease was defined as self-reported angina, myocardial infarction, coronary bypass surgery, balloon angioplasty or stent placement in coronary arteries, or ECG evidence of major Q wave abnormalities or minor Q, QS waves with ST and T abnormalities; data are expressed as row percentages.
‡Cerebrovascular disease was defined as self-reported stroke or transient ischaemic attack; data are expressed as row percentages.
§Heart failure was defined as self-reported heart failure; data are expressed as row percentages.
¶Atrial fibrillation was defined as self-reported atrial fibrillation or ECG evidence of atrial fibrillation or flutter; data are expressed as row percentages.
GED, General Equivalency Diploma; HCHS/SOL, Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos; SASH, Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics.