Study ID | Study design; country; design | Total participants | Mean age | % male | Inclusion criteria |
Akimova 201435 | Prospective cohort study; Russia; 1996–2008 | 1609 | – | 49.4 | Participants were Tyumen citizens aged 25–64 years |
Andersen 201111 | Prospective cohort study; Denmark; 2000–2007 | 26 818 | 71.2 | 51.5 | Participants were patients with first-ever ischaemic stroke admission aged 18 and above in the Danish National Indicator Project |
Bell 201326 | Post-hoc analysis of trial and cohort study; USA; 1993–2010 | 3173 | Mean age at stroke was 72.6 | 0 | Participants were post-menopausal women aged 50–79, who were stroke-free at baseline with incident stroke before 2005 in the Women’s Health Initiative trial |
Consuegra-Sanchez 20156 | Prospective cohort study; Spain; 1998–2013 | 7408 | 66.1 | 73.3 | Participants were patients with acute MI aged 18 and above who were admitted to the coronary care units of two hospitals in the Murcia region within 24 hours |
Dupre 201519 | Prospective cohort study; USA; 1992–2010 | 15 827 | 54.3 | 45.9 | Participants were ever married adults aged 45–80 years in the Health and Retirement Study |
Dupre 20130 | Prospective cohort study; USA; 1992–2010 | 2197 | 69.5 | 55.1 | Participants had MI during the follow-up period in the Health and Retirement Study |
Eaker 200727 | Prospective cohort study; USA; 1971–1987 | 3682 | 48.5 | 48.1 | Participants were in the Framingham Offspring Study, consisting of the offspring (and their spouses) of the Framingham Heart Study Original Cohort, enrolled in 1971 to 1974 |
Engstrom 200014 | Prospective cohort study; Sweden; 1977–1994 | 9351 | 48.5 | 0 | Participants were women aged 28–55 years who attended the health examination programme at the Department of Preventive Medicine in Malmo |
Engstrom 200428 | Prospective cohort study; Sweden; 1990–2000 | 1 18 134 | 60 | 44.8 | Participants were individuals aged between 40–89 years in Malmo, Sweden |
Engstrom 200620 | Prospective cohort study; Sweden; 1974–1997 | 6075 | 46.8 | 100 | Participants were men without history of MI, stroke or cancer aged 28–61 years in Malmo, Sweden |
Floud 201413 | Prospective study; UK; 1996–2011 | 7 34 626 | 59.7 | 0 | Participants were women without history of heart disease or stroke in the Million Women Study |
Gerward 20107 | Prospective cohort study; Sweden; 1974–2004 | 3542 | – | 85.7 | Participants were individuals aged 27–61 years without history of MI in the Malmo Preventive Project |
Ghosh-Swaby 201638 | Prospective cohort study; Canada; published in 2016 | 2100 | – | – | Participants had PCI after MI in the Canadian Observational Antiplatelet Study |
Golbourt 201036 | Prospective cohort study; Israel; 1963–1997 | 10 059 | 49.2 | 100 | Participants were male civil servants and municipal employees in the Israeli Ischaemic Heart Disease study |
Hadi 20128 | Prospective cohort study; Gulf States; 2008–2009 | 5334 | 56.8 | 79.0 | Participants were post-ACS patients in the second Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events |
Ikeda 200917 | Prospective cohort study; Japan; 1990–2004 | 90 987 | 51.9 | 47.7 | Participants were Japan residents aged 40–69 years in the first and second cohort of the Japan Public health Centre-based Prospective Study |
Janzon 200424 | Prospective cohort study; Sweden; 1977–1998 | 10 621 | 49.6 | 0 | Participants were women without history of MI or stroke aged between 28–58 in Malmo, Sweden |
Jayaram 201339 | Prospective cohort study; US; 2003–2008 | 4853 | 50 to 80 | 66.7 | Participants were post-acute MI patients aged 50 to 80 years from 31 USA sites. |
Kilpi 201516 | Prospective cohort study; Finland; 1987–2007 | 2 99 281 | – | 49.4 | Participants were individuals aged above 15 years in Finland |
Kriegbaum 200815 | Prospective cohort study; Denmark; 1980–2005 | 8865 | 28 to 39 | 100 | Participants were men born in Copenhagen in 1953 and living in Denmark in 1968 |
Malyutina 200418 | Prospective cohort study; Russia; 1984–1998 | 11 404 | 25 to 64 | 56.9 | Participants were residents in Novosibirsk aged 25–64 years in the WHO MONICA Project |
Maselko 200931 | Prospective cohort study; USA; 1992–2006 | 22 818 | 63.9 | 56 | Participants were individuals born between 1900–1947 aged 50 years or above without history of stroke in the Health and Retirement Study |
Matthews 200229 | Post-hoc analysis of clinical trial; USA; published in 2002 | 10 904 | 46.4 | 100 | Participants were men without definite evidence of clinical CHD but with above-average risk for death due to CHD because of high blood pressure, elevated serum cholesterol levels, and/or cigarette smoking in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial |
Orth-Gomer 200032 | Prospective cohort study; Sweden; 1991–1997 | 292 | 55.8 | 0 | Participants were female acute MI or unstable angina patients aged 30–65 years in the Stockholm Female Coronary Risk Study |
Panagiotakos 20083 | Prospective cohort study; Greece; 2003–2004 | 2090 | 66.7 | 75.9 | Participants were patients hospitalised with ACS in the GREECS study |
Quinones 201433 | Prospective cohort study; Germany; 2000–2010 | 3766 | 28 to 74 | 75.4 | Participants were patients with first episode of MI in Germany who survived longer than 28 days in the MONICA/KORA-myocardial infarction registry |
Samanci 200412 | Prospective cohort study; Turkey; 1995–2001 | 147 | 62.6 | 53 | Participants were patients with first ischaemic stroke aged 18 and above who were admitted to Akdeniz University Hospital |
Schultz 201734 | Prospective cohort study; USA; 2003–2015 | 6051 | 63 | 64 | Participants were patients who underwent cardiac catheterisation for suspected or known coronary artery disease in the Emory Cardiovascular Biobank |
Sorlie 200425 | Prospective cohort study; USA; 1973–1989 | Approximately 7 00 000 | ≥25 | – | Participants were individuals aged 25 and above in the US National Longitudinal Mortality Study |
Strand 200437 | Prospective cohort study; Norway; 1974–2000 | 44 684 | 42 | 50.8 | Participants were individuals without history of heart disease aged 35 to 49 years in Norway |
Vujcic 20149 | Prospective cohort study; Belgrade; 2002–2011 | 135 | 57.8 | 75.6 | Participants were patients admitted to the coronary care unit of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia due to MI |
Wolinsky 200940 | Prospective cohort study; USA; 1993–2005 | 5511 | 77 | 38 | Participants were individuals aged 70 and above in the Survey on Assets and Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old |
Xie 20162 | Prospective cohort study; China; 2002–2012 | 1739 | 57.7 | 35.8 | Participants were individuals from 11 villages in Beijing drawn from the original cohort of the People’s Republic of China-United States of America Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Epidemiology |
Yokoyama 201410 | Prospective cohort study; Japan; Published in 2014 | 354 | 63 | 100 | Participants were men who had acute MI |
ACS, acute coronary syndrome; CHD, coronary heart disease; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.