Study | Year of publication | Period of recruitment | Country | Study design | Setting | Study population | Diagnostic method of pericardial disease | Sample size | Mean age | % of male | % of HIV | Aetiologies | Number of cases | Prevalence (%) |
Cegielski et al 27 | 1994 | 1989–1990 | Tanzania | Prospective cross-sectional. | Hospital based | HIV patients with large pericardial effusion. | Echocardiography, biochemistry, bacteriology, cytology and histology. | 14 | NR | NR | 100 | Tuberculosis | 14 | 100 |
Sidibe16 | 2007 | 2005–2006 | Mali | Retrospective cross-sectional. | Hospital based | HIV patients with pericardial disease. | Echocardiography, chest X-ray, ECG and bacteriology. | 49 | 40.5 | 63.3 | 100 | HIV (or unknown) | 20 | 40.8 |
Tuberculosis | 14 | 28.6 | ||||||||||||
Heart failure | 3 | 6.1 | ||||||||||||
Uraemic | 6 | 12.2 | ||||||||||||
Other | 6 | 12.2 | ||||||||||||
Maiga31 | 2005 | 1994–2004 | Mali | Retrospective cross-sectional. | Hospital based | Patients with acute pericarditis. | Echocardiography, chest X-ray, ECG and bacteriology. | 76 | 30.5 | 57.9 | NR | Viral | 15 | 19.7 |
Tuberculosis | 10 | 13.2 | ||||||||||||
Rheumatological disease | 8 | 10.5 | ||||||||||||
Uraemic | 4 | 5.3 | ||||||||||||
Bacterial | 2 | 2.6 | ||||||||||||
Unknown | 37 | 48.7 | ||||||||||||
Alkhalifa et al 28 | 2009 | 2003–2003 | Sudan | Retrospective cross-sectional. | Hospital based | Patients with pericardial effusion. | Echocardiography, chest X-ray, ECG, bacteriology, histology and cytology (depending on cases). | 51 | 34.2 | 56.9 | NR | Tuberculosis | 15 | 29.4 |
Malignancy | 9 | 17.6 | ||||||||||||
Rheumatological disease | 7 | 13.7 | ||||||||||||
Idiopathic | 6 | 11.8 | ||||||||||||
Bacterial | 5 | 9.8 | ||||||||||||
Uremic | 4 | 7.9 | ||||||||||||
Others | 5 | 9.8 | ||||||||||||
Kesieme et al 29 | 2016 | 2010–2016 | Nigeria | Retrospective cross-sectional. | Hospital based | Patients with pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. | Echocardiography | 32 | NR | 56.2 | NR | Tuberculosis | 14 | 43.8 |
Idiopathic | 6 | 18.7 | ||||||||||||
Malignancy | 4 | 12.5 | ||||||||||||
Bacterial infection | 3 | 9.4 | ||||||||||||
Uraemia | 3 | 9.4 | ||||||||||||
Steroid-resistant nephritic syndrome | 1 | 3.1 | ||||||||||||
Suspected haemorrhagic fever | 1 | 3.1 | ||||||||||||
Abubakar et al 30 | 2011 | 2003–2008 | Nigeria | Retrospective cross-sectional. | Hospital based | Patients with pericardial disease. | NR | 68 | NR | NR | 61.8 | Tuberculosis | 27 | 39.7 |
Malignancy | 11 | 16.2 | ||||||||||||
Chronic inflammation | 16 | 23.5 | ||||||||||||
Unknown | 14 | 20.6 | ||||||||||||
Reuter et al 51 | 2005 | 1995–2001 | South Africa | Retrospective cross-sectional. | Hospital based | Patients with large pericardial effusions. | Echocardiography, bacteriology and cytology. | 233 | 38 | 56.7 | 36.1 | Tuberculosis | 162 | 69.5 |
Malignancy | 22 | 9.4 | ||||||||||||
Uraemia | 12 | 5.2 | ||||||||||||
Septic | 5 | 2.1 | ||||||||||||
Others | 32 | 13.7 | ||||||||||||
Pio et al 13 | 2016 | 2011–2014 | Togo | Prospective. Cross-sectional. | Hospital based | Patients with evidence of pericarditis. | Echocardiography, ECG and bacteriology. | 38 | 42.5 | 42.1 | 47 | Tuberculosis | 21 | 55 |
Idiopathic | 6 | 16 | ||||||||||||
Bacterial | 3 | 8 | ||||||||||||
Malignancy | 2 | 5 | ||||||||||||
Uraemia | 2 | 5 | ||||||||||||
HIV | 2 | 5 | ||||||||||||
Connective tissue disease | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
Lupus | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
Mutyaba et al 26 | 2014 | 1990–2012 | South Africa | Retrospective. Cross-sectional. | Hospital based | Patients with constrictive pericarditis. | Echocardiography, bacteriology and histology. | 121 | 41.3 | 65.3 | 11.6 | Tuberculosis | 110 | 90.9 |
Idiopathic | 6 | 4.9 | ||||||||||||
Others | 5 | 4.1 | ||||||||||||
Mynors and Reichman24 | 1973 | 1967–1971 | Zimbabwe | Retrospective. | Hospital based | Patients with pericarditis. | Pathology. | 57 | NR | NR | NR | Tuberculosis | 37 | 64.9 |
Acute purulent | 10 | 17.5 | ||||||||||||
Malignancy | 2 | 3.5 | ||||||||||||
Serous | 2 | 3.5 | ||||||||||||
Unknown | 6 | 10.5 |