Adjusted association of the continuous BNP and MACNE
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) | P values | |
| Overall | 1.11 (1.01 to 1.22) | 0.0244 |
| No CHF§ | 1.06 (0.93 to 1.20) | 0.3673 |
| CHF§ | 1.10 (0.96 to 1.26) | 0.1577 |
| No CKD | 1.12 (0.98 to 1.27) | 0.0983 |
| CKD | 1.07 (0.93 to 1.23) | 0.3459 |
| Age <75 years | 1.15 (1.01 to 1.32) | 0.0367 |
| Age ≥75 years | 1.07 (0.94 to 1.23) | 0.3104 |
| Men∗∗ | 1.15 (1.02 to 1.30) | 0.0276 |
| Women∗∗ | 1.05 (0.90 to 1.22) | 0.5649 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score 0–2¶ | 1.03 (0.78 to 1.35) | 0.8349 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score 3–9¶ | 1.13 (1.03 to 1.25) | 0.0135 |
| LAD type (normal/mild enlargement)†† | 1.16 (1.02 to 1.32) | 0.0248 |
| LAD type (moderate/severe enlargement)†† | 1.05 (0.90 to 1.21) | 0.5492 |
*Log-transformed BNP was included in the model.
†HRs and 95% CIs of every doubling in BNP value.
‡Covariates for adjustment include age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, intraventricular conduction, cognitive impairment/dementia, frailty, rhythm control, diabetes, anaemia, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate, left atrial enlargement, cancer, haematocrit, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, atrioventricular (AV) node/His bundle ablation, prior cardioversion, prior antiarrhythmic medication use, significant valvular disease, left ventricular ejection fraction type, peripheral vascular disease, atrial fibrillation (AF) type, history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack, aldosterone antagonist, beta-blocker, ACE inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker and loop diuretic.
§For tests within the CHF subgroups, which was defined as any of New York Heart Association class 1, class 2, class 3 or class 4, New York Heart Association and AV node/His bundle ablation were not included in the model, and moderate+severe dysfunction was combined due to small group sizes.
¶For testing within the CHA2DS2-VASc subgroups (0–2, ≥3), peripheral vascular disease, history of stroke/transient ischaemic attack, AV node/His bundle ablation, and cognitive impairment/dementia were not included in the model, and some of the levels for the following variables were combined (NYHA: I+II, intraventricular conduction: LBBB+RBBB, AF type: persistent+permanent AF).
**For testing within the subgroup of men or women, sex and AV node/His bundle ablation were not included in the model.
††For testing within the subgroup of LAD severe/moderate versus other patients, AV node/His bundle ablation was not included in the model.
‡‡Haematocrit was found to violate the linearity assumption. Linear splines of haematocrit (linear spline when haematocrit ≤36.4%, linear spline when 36.4% < haematocrit ≤41.7%, linear spline when haematocrit >41.7%) were used.
BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; CHF, chronic heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; LAD, left atrial diameter; MACNE, major adverse cardiovascular or neurological event.