Demographics, valve characteristics and aortic characteristics of all probands and FDRs
| All probands (n=256) | All FDRs (n=724) | P value probands vs BAV FDR | FDRs with BAV (n=46) | FDRs without BAV (n=678) |
P-values BAV FDR vs TAV FDR | Statistical power analysis (1-β err prob) | |
| Demographic data | |||||||
| Age, years | 46.41±16.40 | 41.68±18.66 | 0.272 | 43.46±18.75 | 41.55±18.66 | 0.497 | 0.10 |
| Males, N (%) | 182 (71) | 356 (49.2) | 0.001 | 33 (71.7) | 323 (47.6) | 0.002 | 0.73 |
| BSA, m2 | 1.84±0.19 | 1.73±0.29 | 0.99 | 1.84±0.24 | 1.72±0.29 | 0.016 | 0.88 |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 84/227 (37) | 101/718 (14.1) | 0.001 | 12/43 (27.9) | 89 (13.2) | 0.012 | 0.73 |
| Diabetes, N (%) | 13/226 (5.8) | – | – | – | |||
| Dyslipidaemia, N (%) | 63/226 (27.9) | - | – | – | |||
| Smoker, N (%) | 73/225 (32.4) | – | – | – | |||
| Valve characteristics | |||||||
| BAV R-L, N (%) | 162/229 (63.3) | – | 34 (73.9) | – | |||
| BAV R-N, N (%) | 60/229 (26.2) | – | 11 (23.9) | – | |||
| BAV L-N, N (%) | 7/229 (3.1) | – | 1 (2.2) | – | |||
| Presence of raphe, N (%) | 187/229 (81.7) | – | 34 (73.9) | – | |||
| Valve dysfunction | |||||||
| Non-dysfunction, N (%) | 139 (54.3) | 709 (97.9) | 0.001 | 40 (87) | 669 (98.7) | 0.001 | 0.93 |
| AS-dominant, N (%) | 50 (19.5) | 3 (0.4) | 0.01 | 2 (4.3) | 1 (0.1) | 0.001 | 0.99 |
| AR-dominant, N (%) | 67 (26.2) | 12 (1.7) | 0.01 | 4 (8.7) | 8 (1.2) | 0.001 | 0.81 |
| Aortic diameters | |||||||
| Aortic root, mm | 36.61±5.75 | 30.61±4.90 | 0.024 | 34.54±5.45 | 30.34±4.75 | 0.001 | 0.99 |
| Aortic root, mm/m2 | 19.93±3.26 | 17.98±4.12 | 0.032 | 18.89±2.80 | 17.91±4.19 | 0.001 | 0.58 |
| Aortic root, Z-score | 1.39±1.4 | 1.05±0.22 | 0.443 | 1.23±0.43 | 1.04±0.2 | 0.0001 | 0.82 |
| Ascending tubular, mm | 40.83±7.72 | 29.55±5.45 | 0.001 | 35.24±7.41 | 29.15±5.07 | 0.001 | 0.99 |
| Ascending tubular, mm/m2 | 22.28±4.68 | 17.33±4.30 | 0.001 | 19.21±3.78 | 17.20±4.31 | 0.001 | 0.92 |
| Ascending tubular, Z-score | 3.2±1.56 | 1.12±0.32 | 0.0001 | 1.47±0.5 | 1.09±0.29 | 0.0001 | 0.99 |
| Aortic dilation | |||||||
| Dilation according to Z-score, N (%) | 217 (84.8) | 87 (12) | 0.001 | 22 (47.8) | 65 (9.6) | 0.001 | 0.99 |
| Dilation in the aortic root, N (%) | 9 (3.5) | 16 (2.2) | 0.789 | 2 (4.3) | 14 (2.1) | 0.329 | 0.24 |
| Dilation in ascending aorta, N (%) | 208 (81.3) | 71 (9.8) | 0.001 | 20 (43.5) | 51 (7.5) | 0.001 | 0.99 |
| Aortic root phenotype, N (%) | 31 (12.1) | 21 (2.9) | 0.268 | 3 (6.5) | 18 (2.7) | 0.139 | 0.37 |
| Ascending aorta phenotype, N (%) | 186 (72.7) | 66 (9.1) | 0.001 | 19 (41.3) | 47 (6.9) | 0.001 | 0.99 |
| Aortic dilation ≥45 mm, N (%) | 85 (33.2) | 6 (0.8) | 0.0002 | 3 (6.5) | 3 (0.4) | 0.0001 | 0.82 |
| Aortic dilation ≥50 mm, N (%) | 31 (12.1) | 3 (0.4) | 0.268 | 3 (6.5) | 0 (0) | 0.0001 | – |
In 27 cases, the valve morphology could not be definitively established.
AR, aortic regurgitation; AS, aortic stenosis; BAV, bicuspid aortic valve; BSA, body surface area; FDR, first-degree relative.