Demographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk profile among patients hospitalised with different education levels
| Total (n=3369) | Low education (n=1154) | Intermediate education (n=1092) | High education (n=1123) | P value | |
| Demographics characteristics | |||||
| Age | |||||
| Median age, year (IQR) | 61 (52,69) | 66 (60, 74) | 59 (50, 66) | 57 (49, 67) | <0.001 |
| Age >65 years (%) | 1298 (38.5) | 674 (58.4) | 309 (28.3) | 315 (28.0) | <0.001 |
| Female (%) | 781 (23.2) | 494 (42.8) | 185 (16.9) | 102 (9.1) | <0.001 |
| Insurance | <0.001 | ||||
| Urban insurance* | 1960 (58.2) | 446 (38.6) | 593 (54.3) | 921 (82.0) | |
| Rural cooperative medical service | 1204 (35.7) | 649 (56.2) | 424 (38.8) | 131 (11.7) | |
| Other insurance | 205 (6.1) | 59 (5.1) | 75 (6.9) | 71 (6.3) | |
| Cardiovascular risk profiles | |||||
| Pre-existing heart disease (%) | |||||
| AMI | 267 (7.9) | 81 (7.0) | 88 (8.1) | 98 (8.7) | 0.131 |
| CABG | 5 (0.1) | 3 (0.3) | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.108 |
| PCI | 233 (6.9) | 58 (5.0) | 62 (5.7) | 113 (10.1) | <0.001 |
| Angina | 132 (3.9) | 50 (4.3) | 45 (4.1) | 37 (3.3) | 0.203 |
| Heart failure | 230 (6.8) | 100 (8.7) | 61 (5.6) | 69 (6.1) | 0.016 |
| Stroke | 556 (16.5) | 224 (19.4) | 180 (16.5) | 152 (13.5) | <0.001 |
| Coronary risk factors | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 782 (23.2) | 249 (21.6) | 256 (23.4) | 277 (24.7) | 0.081 |
| Hypertension (%) | 1876 (55.7) | 657 (56.9) | 580 (53.1) | 639 (56.9) | 0.975 |
| Dyslipidaemia (%) | 2584 (76.7) | 869 (75.3) | 834 (76.4) | 881 (78.5) | 0.076 |
| Current smoker (%) | 1969 (58.4) | 545 (47.2) | 706 (64.7) | 718 (63.9) | <0.001 |
| Family history of CHD | 383 (11.4) | 79 (6.8) | 140 (12.8) | 164 (14.6) | <0.001 |
| Median heart rate at admission (IQR) | 74 (65, 84) | 73.5 (64, 84) | 75 (65, 84) | 74 (66, 83) | 0.789 |
| Median SBP at admission (IQR) | 130 (114, 146) | 130 (114, 150) | 130 (114, 146) | 128 (114,144) | 0.222 |
| Median mini-GRACE (IQR) | 129 (110, 146) | 139 (120, 154) | 126 (109, 143) | 125 (106, 141) | <0.001 |
| LVEF on initial presentation (%) | 0.005 | ||||
| <0.4 | 244 (7.2) | 90 (7.8) | 78 (7.1) | 76 (6.8) | |
| ≥0.4 | 2648 (78.6) | 862 (74.7) | 863 (79.0) | 923 (82.2) | |
| LVEF unmeasured | 477 (14.2) | 202 (17.5) | 151 (13.8) | 124 (11.0) | |
| Time from symptom to hospital arrival ≤6 hours | 2404 (71.4) | 795 (68.9) | 768 (70.3) | 841 (74.9) | 0.002 |
| Inhospital process measures, n (%) | |||||
| Coronary angiography | 2579 (76.6) | 766 (66.4) | 859 (78.7) | 954 (85.0) | <0.001 |
| Revascularisation (PCI or CABG) | 2350 (69.8) | 702 (60.8) | 774 (70.9) | 874 (77.8) | <0.001 |
| Thrombolytic therapy | 332 (9.9) | 133 (11.5) | 110 (10.1) | 89 (7.9) | 0.004 |
| Dual antiplatelet | 2644 (78.5) | 880 (76.3) | 869 (79.6) | 895 (79.7) | 0.620 |
| Beta-blocker | 2742 (81.4) | 898 (77.8) | 902 (82.6) | 942 (83.9) | <0.001 |
| ACEI/ARB | 2472 (73.4) | 832 (72.1) | 809 (74.1) | 831 (74.0) | 0.303 |
| Statins | 3319 (98.5) | 1132 (98.1) | 1078 (98.7) | 1109 (98.8) | 0.191 |
| Medications at discharge, n (%) | |||||
| Dual antiplatelet | 2301 (68.3) | 773 (67.0) | 737 (67.5) | 791 (70.4) | 0.078 |
| Beta-blocker | 1727 (51.3) | 545 (47.2) | 554 (50.7) | 628 (55.9) | <0.001 |
| ACEI/ARB | 1673 (49.7) | 565 (49.0) | 538 (49.3) | 570 (50.8) | 0.393 |
| Statins | 2583 (76.7) | 867 (75.1) | 839 (76.8) | 877 (78.1) | 0.094 |
| 1-year outcomes | |||||
| 1-year death | 84 (2.5) | 44 (3.8) | 26 (2.4) | 14 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| 1-year MACE | 250 (7.4) | 126 (10.9) | 75 (6.9) | 49 (4.4) | <0.001 |
↵*Indicates any type of insurance for urban residents in China.
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; ARB, angiotensin-receptor blocker; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CHD, coronary heart disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SBP, systolic blood pressure.