Characteristics of longitudinal studies measuring vitamin K-dependent protein (VKDP) at baseline and recording incident cardiovascular disease/mortality
| Population risk | Author | Year | Country | N= | Population | FU (years) | VKDP measured | Change in VKDP for which HR given | Outcome |
| High | Schurgers et al 6 | 2010 | France | 107 | Chronic kidney disease | 2.3 | dp-ucMGP | Per 100 pm log-transformed increase; >921 versus < 921 pmol/L. | Mortality |
| Ueland et al 40 | 2010 | Norway | 118 | Symptomatic aortic stenosis | 1.9 | dp-ucMGP | >950 versus <950 pmol/L. | Mortality | |
| Schlieper et al 21 | 2011 | Serbia | 188 | Haemodialysis versus normal renal function | 3 | dp-ucMGP | Higher than median versus lower (median value not reported). | CVD; mortality | |
| Ueland et al 41 | 2011 | Norway | 179 | Stable heart failure | 2.9 | dp-ucMGP | ≥ 1977 versus <1977 pmol/L. | Mortality | |
| Dalmeijer et al 42 | 2013 | The Netherlands | 518 | Type 2 diabetes | 11.2 | dp-ucMGP | Per one SD increase. | CVD | |
| van den Heuvel et al 43 | 2014 | The Netherlands | 192 | Older adults (LASA) | 5.6 | dp-ucMGP | Per 100 pm log-transformed increase; highest versus lowest tertile (>400 vs <266 pmol/L). | CVD | |
| Mayer et al 44 | 2014 | Czech Republic | 799 | Coronary heart disease or ischaemic stroke. | 5.6 | dp-ucMGP | ≥977 vs <977 pmol/L. | CVD; mortality | |
| Keyzer et al 20 | 2015 | The Netherlands | 518 | Renal transplant | 9.6 | dp-ucMGP | Per unit increase (log-transformed); highest versus lowest quartiles (>1535 vs <734 pmol/L). | Mortality | |
| Yeap et al 23 | 2015 | Australia | 3389 | Older men (70–89 years) | 7 | ucOC | >28.2 versus <28.2 µg/L. | CVD | |
| Mayer et al 45 | 2016 | Czech Republic | 799 | Stable vascular disease | 5.6 | dp-ucMGP | ≥ 977 versus <977 pmol/L. | Mortality | |
| Shea et al 46 | 2017 | USA | 635 | Older men and woman (Health ABC) | 12.1 | dp-ucMGP | ≥574 versus <574 pmol/L. | CVD | |
| Standard | Dalmeijer et al 47 | 2014 | The Netherlands | 1406 | Women undergoing breast cancer screening (EPIC-NL). | 11.5 | dp-ucMGP | Per one SD increase; highest versus lowest quartiles (mean 348 vs 47 pmol/L). | CVD |
| Liu et al 48 | 2015 | Belgium | 789 | FLEMENGHO: no CVD at baseline | 14.1 | dp-ucMGP | Per unit increase of squared dp-ucMGP. | CVD; mortality | |
| Danziger et al 22 | 2016 | USA | 355 | MESA | 11 | PIVKA-II | >4.64 versus <2.4 ng/mL. | CVD |
Population risk considered high if conducted in the following populations: older patients (>60 years), diabetes, pre-existing vascular disease or chronic kidney disease/dialysis/renal transplantation.
dp-ucMGP, desphospho-uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein; CV, cardiovascular; CVD, cardiovascular disease; EPIC-NL, Dutch contribution to European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort; FLEMENGHO, Flemish Study on Genes, Environment, and Health Outcomes (1985–2004); FU, follow up; LASA, Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam; MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; PIVKA-II, protein induced by vitamin K absence II, pm, pmol; ucOC, uncarboxylated osteocalcin; Health ABC: prospective longitudinal cohort study to examine age-related changes in physical function and body composition in older black and white men and women. Health In Men Study: cohort study of community-dwelling older men from Perth, Western Australia. Heart and Soul Study: history of ischaemic heart disease.