Echocardiographic findings at baseline in the total study population and in groups of patients with high or normal LV mass–wall stress–heart rate product
| Variable | All (n=1522) | High LV mass–wall stress–heart rate product (n=289) | Normal LV mass–wall stress–heart rate product (n=1233) | P value |
| LV end-diastolic diameter (cm) | 5.03±0.63 | 5.55±0.59 | 4.91±0.57 | <0.001 |
| LV end-systolic diameter (cm) | 3.19±0.56 | 3.75±0.51 | 3.06±0.48 | <0.001 |
| Interventricular septal thickness (cm) | 1.15±0.28 | 1.32±0.30 | 1.11±0.25 | <0.001 |
| Posterior wall thickness (cm) | 0.89±0.19 | 0.98±0.19 | 0.86±0.18 | <0.001 |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 67±6 | 62±6 | 68±6 | <0.001 |
| Relative wall thickness | 0.36±0.09 | 0.35±0.08 | 0.36±0.09 | 0.716 |
| LV mass index (g/m2.7) | 45.5±14.4 | 59.9±15.6 | 42.1±11.8 | <0.001 |
| LV hypertrophy (%) | 34.4 | 74.6 | 24.9 | <0.001 |
| Concentric LV geometry (%) | 18.7 | 18.7 | 18.7 | 0.990 |
| Midwall shortening (%) | 17.0±3.3 | 15.3±2.9 | 17.4±3.2 | <0.001 |
| Circumferential end-systolic stress (dyne/cm2) | 129±35 | 158±38 | 122±31 | |
| Stress-corrected midwall shortening (%) | 97±19 | 91±18 | 99±19 | <0.001 |
| LV mass–wall stress–heart rate product (g kdyne/cm2 bpm) | 1.6×106±0.7×106 | 2.8×106±0.7×106 | 1.3×106±0.4×106 | |
| Peak aortic jet velocity (m/s) | 3.08±0.54 | 3.20±0.56 | 3.05±0.53 | <0.001 |
| Peak aortic valve gradient (mm Hg) | 39±14 | 42±14 | 38±13 | <0.001 |
| Mean aortic valve gradient (mm Hg) | 23±9 | 25±9 | 22±8 | <0.001 |
| Energy loss (cm2) | 1.50±0.66 | 1.54±0.65 | 1.49±0.67 | 0.210 |
| Energy loss index (cm2/m2) | 0.90±0.46 | 0.84±0.36 | 0.91±0.48 | 0.009 |
| Severe AS (%) | 19.9 | 20.4 | 17.8 | 0.329 |
| Stroke volume index (mL/m2) | 45±13 | 46±13 | 45±13 | 0.188 |
| Left atrial diameter (cm) | 3.74±0.66 | 3.97±0.68 | 3.69±0.64 | <0.001 |
| Peak early mitral filling velocity (m/s) | 0.75±0.23 | 0.73±0.23 | 0.75±0.23 | 0.146 |
| Peak atrial mitral filling velocity (m/s) | 0.83±0.25 | 0.86±0.25 | 0.83±0.25 | 0.045 |
| Peak early/peak atrial mitral filling velocity ratio | 0.93±0.35 | 0.89±0.39 | 0.94±0.34 | 0.050 |
| Deceleration time (ms) | 227±76 | 223±78 | 228±76 | 0.305 |
AS, aortic valve stenosis; LV, left ventricular.