Baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of the participants
| Women (n=870) | Men (n=630) | P value* | |
| Clinical features | |||
| Age, years | 67.30 (4.95) | 67.29 (4.91) | 0.980 |
| BMI, kg/m² | 27.42 (4.07) | 27.08 (2.94) | 0.069 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 144.40 (18.32) | 143.92 (19.20) | 0.626 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 79.84 (10.11) | 82.01 (9.90) | <0.001 |
| Blood pressure-lowering medication, n (%) | 261 (30.0) | 208 (33.0) | 0.2130 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 609 (70.0) | 446 (70.8) | 0.7378 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 69.36 (9.70) | 65.79 (10.55) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.96 (0.94) | 5.45 (0.93) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.60 (0.40) | 1.31 (0.31) | <0.001 |
| Lipid-lowering medication, n (%) | 174 (20.0) | 130 (20.63) | 0.765 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 106 (12.2) | 58 (9.2) | 0.069 |
| Prevalent CHD, n (%) | 16 (1.84) | 61 (9.68) | <0.001 |
| Prevalent DM, n (%) | 84 (9.66) | 62 (9.84) | 0.908 |
| Echocardiography features | |||
| LVM index, g/m² | 70.66 (15.47) | 78.17 (18.19) | <0.001 |
| Left atrium diameter/BSA, mm/m² | 21.41 (2.69) | 20.76 (2.45) | <0.001 |
| LVEDD, mm | 49.39 (4.96) | 53.36 (4.86) | <0.001 |
| LVESD, mm | 30.12 (7.87) | 33.66 (8.01) | <0.001 |
| Relative wall thickness, cm | 0.29 (0.06) | 0.29 (0.05) | 1 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 65.87 (6.75) | 63.69 (7.92) | <0.001 |
| E wave, cm/s | 67.38 (13.02) | 64.48 (12.97) | <0.001 |
| A wave, cm/s | 83.33 (17.82) | 76.61 (17.68) | <0.001 |
| E/A ratio | 0.83 (0.18) | 0.86 (0.20) | <0.001 |
| Deceleration time | 204.4 (35.54) | 209.19 (39.78) | <0.001 |
| e′septal | 6.87 (1.79) | 7.29 (1.78) | <0.001 |
| E/e′septal ratio | 10.43 (2.62) | 9.54 (2.51) | <0.001 |
Values are mean (±SD) or numbers (percentages).
*P value for comparison of different characteristics between women and men.
BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; CHD, coronary heart disease, DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; LVEDD, left ventricle end diastolic dimension; LVESD, left ventricle end systolic dimension; LVM, left ventricular mass; SBP, systolic blood pressure.