Baseline characteristics of the study population stratified by age
| Variable | Total n (%) | Age 40–59 years, n (%) | Age 60–69 years, n (%) | Age 70–80 years, n (%) | P values | |
| Participants | Number (%) | 429 220 (100) | 331 261 (77.2) | 74 508 (17.4) | 23 451 (5.5) | _ |
| Age, years | Mean±SD | 51.4±9.2 | 47.3±5.3 | 63.0±2.8 | 72.6±2.9 | <0.001 |
| SBP, mm Hg | Mean±SD | 124.7±16.9 | 123.2±16.2 | 129.3±18.1 | 132.1±19.0 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | Mean±SD | 78.5±11.3 | 78.2±11.2 | 79.6±11.3 | 79.1±11.5 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | Mean±SD | 23.8±2.9 | 23.9±2.9 | 23.7±3.0 | 22.8±3.2 | <0.001 |
| TC, mg/dL | Mean±SD | 199.5±38.4 | 199.0±37.9 | 202.1±39.9 | 198.9±40.7 | <0.001 |
| FSG, mg/dL | Mean±SD | 97.1±33.4 | 96.0±32.0 | 100.6±37.7 | 100.9±36.8 | <0.001 |
| Sex | Women | 191 482 (44.6) | 142 553 (43.0) | 36 777 (49.4) | 12 152 (51.8) | <0.001 |
| Men | 237 738 (55.4) | 188 708 (57.0) | 37 731 (50.6) | 11 299 (48.2) | ||
| SBP, mm Hg | <120 | 139 395 (32.5) | 116 701 (35.2) | 17 964 (24.1) | 4730 (20.2) | <0.001 |
| 120–129 | 104 984 (24.5) | 84 367 (25.5) | 16 091 (21.6) | 4526 (19.3) | ||
| 130–139 | 92 269 (21.5) | 69 807 (21.1) | 17 155 (23.0) | 5307 (22.6) | ||
| 140–149 | 50 039 (11.7) | 34 705 (10.5) | 11 405 (15.3) | 3929 (16.8) | ||
| 150–159 | 25 374 (5.9) | 15 894 (4.8) | 6771 (9.1) | 2709 (11.6) | ||
| ≥160 | 17 159 (4.0) | 9787 (3.0) | 5122 (6.9) | 2250 (9.6) | ||
| DBP, mm Hg | <80 | 182 519 (42.5) | 144 340 (43.6) | 28 782 (38.6) | 9397 (40.1) | <0.001 |
| 80–89 | 150 764 (35.1) | 115 845 (35.0) | 26 720 (35.9) | 8199 (35.0) | ||
| 90–99 | 73 216 (17.1) | 54 540 (16.5) | 14 269 (19.2) | 4407 (18.8) | ||
| ≥100 | 22 638 (5.3) | 16 469 (5.0) | 4723 (6.3) | 1446 (6.2) | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | <18.5 | 10 734 (2.5) | 6237 (1.9) | 2634 (3.5) | 1863 (7.9) | <0.001 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 279 264 (65.1) | 215 063 (64.9) | 47 998 (64.4) | 16 203 (69.1) | ||
| 25–29.9 | 129 249 (30.1) | 102 132 (30.8) | 22 100 (29.7) | 5017 (21.4) | ||
| ≥30 | 9973 (2.3) | 7829 (2.4) | 1776 (2.4) | 368 (1.6) | ||
| Smoking status | Missing | 18 046 (4.2) | 14 081 (4.3) | 3084 (4.1) | 881 (3.8) | <0.001 |
| Never smoker | 269 458 (62.8) | 200 927 (60.7) | 52 025 (69.8) | 16 506 (70.4) | ||
| Past smoker | 36 658 (8.5) | 29 648 (9.0) | 5134 (6.9) | 1876 (8.0) | ||
| Current smoker | 105 058 (24.5) | 86 605 (26.1) | 14 265 (19.1) | 4188 (17.9) | ||
| Alcohol use, g ethanol/day | Missing | 9659 (2.3) | 6928 (2.1) | 2048 (2.7) | 683 (2.9) | <0.001 |
| None | 232 211 (54.1) | 167 383 (50.5) | 48 306 (64.8) | 16 522 (70.5) | ||
| <10 | 88 378 (20.6) | 74 163 (22.4) | 11 264 (15.1) | 2951 (12.6) | ||
| 10–39 | 78 002 (18.2) | 66 271 (20.0) | 9355 (12.6) | 2376 (10.1) | ||
| ≥40 | 20 970 (4.9) | 16 516 (5.0) | 3535 (4.7) | 919 (3.9) | ||
| Physical activity | <1 time/week | 252 249 (58.8) | 185 465 (56.0) | 49 110 (65.9) | 17 674 (75.4) | <0.001 |
| ≥1 time/week | 176 971 (41.2) | 1 45 796 (44.0) | 25 398 (34.1) | 5777 (24.6) | ||
| Income status, Decile | 1–3 (low) | 96 896 (22.6) | 68 465 (20.7) | 21 220 (28.5) | 7211 (30.7) | <0.001 |
| 4–7 (middle) | 140 286 (32.7) | 106 979 (32.3) | 26 626 (35.7) | 6681 (28.5) | ||
| 8–10 (high) | 192 038 (44.7) | 155 817 (47.0) | 26 662 (35.8) | 9559 (40.8) | ||
| FSG, mg/dL | <100 | 302 092 (70.4) | 238 899 (72.1) | 48 346 (64.9) | 14 847 (63.3) | <0.001 |
| 100–125 | 97 890 (22.8) | 72 800 (22.0) | 18 964 (25.5) | 6126 (26.1) | ||
| ≥126 | 29 238 (6.8) | 19 562 (5.9) | 7198 (9.7) | 2478 (10.6) | ||
| TC, mg/dL | <200 | 227 376 (53.0) | 177 813 (53.7) | 37 092 (49.8) | 12 471 (53.2) | <0.001 |
| 200–239 | 142 390 (33.2) | 109 408 (33.0) | 25 469 (34.2) | 7513 (32.0) | ||
| ≥240 | 59 454 (13.9) | 44 040 (13.3) | 11 947 (16.0) | 3467 (14.8) |
*83 missing values existed for diastolic blood pressure.
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FSG, fasting serum glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol.