Comparison of 5-year cardiovascular event rates by living arrangement status
| Outcome | 5-year event rate (%) | Time to first event HR (95% CI) | |||
| Living alone (n=3648) | Not living alone (n=28 728) | Unadjusted | Adjusted (age and sex) | Adjusted* | |
| MACE | 10.3 | 8.5 | 1.24 (1.11 to 1.38), p<0.001 | 1.11 (0.99 to 1.24), p=0.07 | 1.04 (0.92 to 1.18), p=0.52 |
| All-cause death | 9.8 | 7.6 | 1.31 (1.17 to 1.47), p<0.001 | 1.13 (1.01 to 1.26), p=0.04 | 1.08 (0.95 to 1.23), p=0.25 |
| CV death | 6.5 | 4.8 | 1.37 (1.20 to 1.58), p<0.001 | 1.18 (1.02 to 1.35), p=0.02 | 1.12 (0.95 to 1.32), p=0.17 |
| MI | 3.5 | 3.4 | 1.04 (0.86 to 1.25), p=0.70 | 1.01 (0.84 to 1.22), p=0.93 | 0.97 (0.78 to 1.19), p=0.76 |
| Stroke | 2.7 | 2.0 | 1.35 (1.09 to 1.67), p=0.006 | 1.15 (0.93 to 1.43), p=0.20 | 1.00 (0.77 to 1.30), p=0.99 |
| Unstable angina | 10.8 | 11.0 | 0.99 (0.89 to 1.10), p=0.86 | 0.97 (0.87 to 1.08), p=0.55 | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.12), p=0.91 |
| Major bleeding | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.01 (0.75 to 1.35), p=0.96 | 0.90 (0.67 to 1.21), p=0.48 | 0.91 (0.66 to 1.24), p=0.55 |
| Hospitalisation for CHF | 5.6 | 5.2 | 1.10 (0.95 to 1.28), p=0.20 | 1.02 (0.87 to 1.18), p=0.83 | 1.07 (0.89 to 1.27), p=0.48 |
↵*Multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, geographical region, smoking status, diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, MI, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CHF, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction and number of vessels with coronary artery stenosis. MACE reported as a composite of CV death, MI or stroke.
CHF, congestive heart failure; CV, cardiovascular; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events; MI, myocardial infarction.