Study (year) | Setting/country | Unit of randomisation | Description of healthcare providers (HCPs) | HCPs undergoing randomisation and completed (n) | Description of patients | Patients undergoing randomisation and completed (n) | Female patients (n/%) and mean age (years) | Follow-up (weeks) | Type(s) of ACP outcome |
Aiken et al 39 (2006) | Community, USA | Patient | Hospice nurse and case manager | NA | Patients with CHF and COPD | 192/191 | 123/64 65.5 | 12 | ACP Doc |
Detering et al 32 (2010) | Hospital, Australia | Patient | Internal and pulmonary physicians, cardiologists | NA | Patients with CHF >80 years of age | 309/305 | 162/52.5 84.5 | 12 | ACP Doc |
Dexter et al 49 (1998) | Community, USA | Primary care physician | Primary care physicians, residents, fellows and faculty | 147/147 | >75 years of age or >50 years of age with terminal illness and CHF | 1009/814 | 665/66 65.1 | 20 | ACP Doc |
Doorenbos et al 36 (2016) | Hospital, USA | Patient | Cardiology staff | NA | Patients with CHF | 80/73 | 19/23.7 58.1 | 8 | ACP Doc |
Engelhardt et al 33 (2006) | Hospital and community, USA | Patient | Primary and secondary care physicians | NA | Patients with chronic HF or terminal illnesses | 275/186 | 118/82.6 Not reported | 12 | ACP Doc |
Gade et al 42 (2008) | Hospital, USA | Patient | Internal physicians | NA | Patients with terminal illness and patients with CHF | 517/512 | 162/59 73.3 | 24 | ACP Doc |
Heffner and Barbieri37 (2001) | Hospital, USA | Patients | Cardiovascular HCPs | NA | Cardiovascular rehabilitation patients | 415/284 | 77/27.1 65.3 | 24 | ACP Doc |
Heiman et al 28* (2004) | Community, USA | Primary care Clinic | Primary care faculty physicians | 48/48 | >70 years of age or >50 years of age with CHF and terminal illness | 1079/895 | 740/68.3 71.1 | 28 | ACP Doc |
Metzger et al 34 (2016) | Hospital, USA | Patient | Cardiology staff | NA | Patients with CHF | 29/29 | 9/31.0 62.4 | 2 | ACP Doc |
Nicolasora et al 41 (2006) | Hospital, USA | Patient | Internal medical physicians | NA | Patients admitted to medical ward including CHF | 297/294 | 150/50.5 67.0 | 1 | ACP Doc |
Reilly et al 40 (1995) | Hospital, USA | Patient | Internal medical physicians | 100/74 | Patients from acute admissions including CHF | 162/162 | 86/53 63.6 | 12 | ACP Doc |
Rubin et al 35 (1994) | Hospital, USA | Patient | Patients’ HCP | Not reported | >65 years of age, discharged from hospital | 1101/1101 | 517/47 Not reported | 20 | ACP Doc |
Sidebottom et al 38 (2015) | Hospital, USA | Patient | Cardiology staff | NA | Patients with CHF | 232/167 | 110/7.4 73.4 | 12 | ACP Doc |
*Cluster randomised controlled trial.
ACP, advance care planning; ACP Doc, completion of an ACP document; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NA, not available.