Characteristic | All patients (n=100) | Persistent PVCs (n=56) | Spontaneous PVC reduction <1% (n=44) | Univariate HR for reduction to <1% PVCs* |
Age in years, mean (SD) | 51.8 (16.5) | 50.1 (17.3) | 54.1 (15.2) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03); p=0.207 |
Age category, N (%) | ||||
18–39 | 27 (27.0) | 17 (30.4) | 10 (22.7) | Reference |
40–59 | 37 (37.0) | 19 (33.9) | 18 (40.9) | 1.25 (0.57 to 2.71); p=0.576 |
60+ | 36 (36.0) | 20 (35.7) | 16 (36.4) | 1.31 (0.59 to 2.88); p=0.508 |
Female, N (%) | 57 (57.0) | 37 (66.1) | 20 (45.5) | 0.59 (0.32 to 1.06); p=0.079 |
Atrial fibrillation, N (%) | 4 (4.0) | 2 (3.6) | 2 (4.6) | 2.93 (0.69 to 12.5); p=0.145 |
Coronary artery disease, N (%) | 9 (9.0) | 4 (7.1) | 5 (11.4) | 1.43 (0.56 to 3.65); p=0.453 |
Hypertension, N (%) | 34 (34.0) | 19 (33.9) | 15 (34.1) | 1.09 (0.58 to 2.05); p=0.777 |
Diabetes mellitus, N (%) | 10 (10.0 | 6 (10.7) | 4 (9.1) | 0.79 (0.28 to 2.22); p=0.658 |
Symptoms, N (%) | ||||
Any symptoms | 69 (69.0) | 35 (62.5) | 34 (77.3) | 1.63 (0.80 to 3.31); p=0.179 |
Palpitations | 61 (61.0) | 30 (53.6) | 31 (70.5) | 1.52 (0.79 to 2.91); p=0.211 |
Fatigue | 20 (20.0) | 11 (19.6) | 9 (20.5) | 1.21 (0.58 to 2.52); p=0.613 |
Chest pain | 10 (10.0) | 6 (10.7) | 4 (9.1) | 0.67 (0.24 to 1.89); p=0.448 |
Dizziness | 14 (14.0) | 5 (8.9) | 9 (20.5) | 1.79 (0.86 to 3.74); p=0.090 |
Dyspnoea | 7 (7.0) | 3 (5.4) | 4 (9.1) | 1.10 (0.39 to 3.09); p=0.859 |
Native QRS duration (ms) – Mean (SD) | 91.8 (14.2) | 90.3 (13.4) | 93.8 (15.2) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) |
Native QRS morphology – N (%) | ||||
Normal | 92 (92.0) | 54 (96.4) | 38 (86.4) | Reference |
RBBB | 3 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (6.8) | 3.04 (1.03 to 11.30); p=0.045 |
LBBB | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | -- |
IVCD | 5 (0.0) | 2 (3.6) | 3 (6.8) | 1.07 (0.33 to 3.52); p=0.913 |
Initial LVEF (%) – mean (SD) | 60.4 (4.5) | 59.9 (4.4) | 60.9 (4.7) | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.11); p=0.417 |
Prior failed therapy – N (%) | ||||
β-blocker (class II) | 33 (33.0) | 20 (35.7) | 13 (29.6) | 0.94 (0.49 to 1.79); p=0.844 |
Calcium channel blocker (class IV) | 4 (4.0) | 2 (3.6) | 2 (4.6) | 1.49 (0.36 to 6.20); p=0.581 |
Class I or III | 6 (6.0) | 4 (7.1) | 2 (4.6) | 0.47 (0.11 to 1.94); p=0.294 |
Ablation | 2 (2.0) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (2.3) | 0.68 (0.09 to 5.00); p=0.707 |
*HR (95% CI) comparing persistent PVCs versus spontaneous PVC reduction groups.
IVCD, ntraventricular conduction delay; LBBB, left bundle branch block; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PVC, premature ventricular complex. RBBB, right bundle branch block.