Result of difference-in-differences analysis showing the change in length of stay in days per emergency CVD admission in Knowsley following the intervention relative to the control group, 2005–2015
| Coefficient | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI | P value | |
| Treatment (Knowsley=1; control=0) | −2.01 | −3.28 | −0.74 | 0.002 |
| Period (post-intervention=1; pre-intervention=0) | −0.96 | −2.43 | 0.50 | 0.197 |
| DiD estimator (treatment*period) | 1.04 | −0.77 | 2.84 | 0.260 |
Model includes random intercept for LSOA, and fixed effects for percent of population aged 50+ years, percent female, percent unemployed and two spline terms for time (full model results are given in online supplementary file).
Model based on 97 Knowsley and 489 control LSOAs, and 6446 observations.
CVD, cardiovascular disease; DiD, difference-in-differences; LSOA, lower-layer super output area.